The effect of plant growth regulators, FeO3-CTs nanoparticles and LEDs light on the growth and biochemical compounds of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) callus in vitro
Abstract Background black seed (Nigella sativa L.) has long been utilized in traditional medicine and as a food ingredient due to its potential therapeutic properties including its effectiveness against cancer, coronaviruses, and bacterial infections. Recently, it has garnered significant attention...
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06423-y |
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| author | Ali Sobhannizadeh Mousa Torabi Giglou Mahdi Behnamian Asghar Estaji Mohammad Majdi Antoni Szumny |
| author_facet | Ali Sobhannizadeh Mousa Torabi Giglou Mahdi Behnamian Asghar Estaji Mohammad Majdi Antoni Szumny |
| author_sort | Ali Sobhannizadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background black seed (Nigella sativa L.) has long been utilized in traditional medicine and as a food ingredient due to its potential therapeutic properties including its effectiveness against cancer, coronaviruses, and bacterial infections. Recently, it has garnered significant attention for its rich reservoir of beneficial secondary metabolites. In vitro culture of black seeds presents an efficient and modern approach for the large-scale production of these valuable compounds, offering advantages such as space efficiency, reduced time, and lower costs. This study aimed to develop and optimize a protocol for callus induction and the identification of key secondary metabolites, including thymoquinone (TQ), phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. To induce callus formation in seed explants, two plant growth regulators (PGRs) were applied individually or in combination and incorporated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium. Results The combination of Auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), effectively induced callus formation in most explants, with the response varying based on concentration. The highest callus fresh weight (7.02 g) was obtained on Red(R) LED lighting with FeO3-CTs nanoparticles (100 mg/L− 1), which also resulted in the highest dry weight (1.307 g) after 40 days of cultivation. Similarly, the highest levels of phenols, flavonoids and amino acids were observed under R LED with FeO3-CTs nanoparticles (100 mg L− 1), while FeO3-CTs nanoparticles at 100 and 200 mg/L− 1) exhibited significant effects on metabolite production. In contrast, the antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals and total carbohydrate accumulation were enhanced in callus cultures treated with FeO3-CTs nanoparticles (200 mg/L− 1) under dark conditions. Additionally, GC-MS analysis revealed that FeO3-CTs nanoparticles (100 mg/L− 1) yielded the most effective enhancement of secondary metabolites under blue (B) LED light at a concentration of 295 mg/L− 1. Conclusion The finding of this study highlights the potential of the proposed method for the large-scale production of secondary metabolites, total carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids from black seed callus cultures in a controlled environment. This optimized approach offers a cost-effective and space-efficient strategy for enhancing bioactive compound synthesis, with potential applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2e28e11454e043fd9e52332f5eb03f5e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2e28e11454e043fd9e52332f5eb03f5e2025-08-20T02:20:01ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-04-0125111910.1186/s12870-025-06423-yThe effect of plant growth regulators, FeO3-CTs nanoparticles and LEDs light on the growth and biochemical compounds of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) callus in vitroAli Sobhannizadeh0Mousa Torabi Giglou1Mahdi Behnamian2Asghar Estaji3Mohammad Majdi4Antoni Szumny5Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliDepartment of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of KurdistanDepartment of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesAbstract Background black seed (Nigella sativa L.) has long been utilized in traditional medicine and as a food ingredient due to its potential therapeutic properties including its effectiveness against cancer, coronaviruses, and bacterial infections. Recently, it has garnered significant attention for its rich reservoir of beneficial secondary metabolites. In vitro culture of black seeds presents an efficient and modern approach for the large-scale production of these valuable compounds, offering advantages such as space efficiency, reduced time, and lower costs. This study aimed to develop and optimize a protocol for callus induction and the identification of key secondary metabolites, including thymoquinone (TQ), phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. To induce callus formation in seed explants, two plant growth regulators (PGRs) were applied individually or in combination and incorporated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium. Results The combination of Auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), effectively induced callus formation in most explants, with the response varying based on concentration. The highest callus fresh weight (7.02 g) was obtained on Red(R) LED lighting with FeO3-CTs nanoparticles (100 mg/L− 1), which also resulted in the highest dry weight (1.307 g) after 40 days of cultivation. Similarly, the highest levels of phenols, flavonoids and amino acids were observed under R LED with FeO3-CTs nanoparticles (100 mg L− 1), while FeO3-CTs nanoparticles at 100 and 200 mg/L− 1) exhibited significant effects on metabolite production. In contrast, the antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals and total carbohydrate accumulation were enhanced in callus cultures treated with FeO3-CTs nanoparticles (200 mg/L− 1) under dark conditions. Additionally, GC-MS analysis revealed that FeO3-CTs nanoparticles (100 mg/L− 1) yielded the most effective enhancement of secondary metabolites under blue (B) LED light at a concentration of 295 mg/L− 1. Conclusion The finding of this study highlights the potential of the proposed method for the large-scale production of secondary metabolites, total carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids from black seed callus cultures in a controlled environment. This optimized approach offers a cost-effective and space-efficient strategy for enhancing bioactive compound synthesis, with potential applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06423-yNigella sativa L.Tissue cultureStress PEGLEDSecondary metaboliteTQ |
| spellingShingle | Ali Sobhannizadeh Mousa Torabi Giglou Mahdi Behnamian Asghar Estaji Mohammad Majdi Antoni Szumny The effect of plant growth regulators, FeO3-CTs nanoparticles and LEDs light on the growth and biochemical compounds of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) callus in vitro BMC Plant Biology Nigella sativa L. Tissue culture Stress PEG LED Secondary metabolite TQ |
| title | The effect of plant growth regulators, FeO3-CTs nanoparticles and LEDs light on the growth and biochemical compounds of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) callus in vitro |
| title_full | The effect of plant growth regulators, FeO3-CTs nanoparticles and LEDs light on the growth and biochemical compounds of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) callus in vitro |
| title_fullStr | The effect of plant growth regulators, FeO3-CTs nanoparticles and LEDs light on the growth and biochemical compounds of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) callus in vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of plant growth regulators, FeO3-CTs nanoparticles and LEDs light on the growth and biochemical compounds of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) callus in vitro |
| title_short | The effect of plant growth regulators, FeO3-CTs nanoparticles and LEDs light on the growth and biochemical compounds of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) callus in vitro |
| title_sort | effect of plant growth regulators feo3 cts nanoparticles and leds light on the growth and biochemical compounds of black seed nigella sativa l callus in vitro |
| topic | Nigella sativa L. Tissue culture Stress PEG LED Secondary metabolite TQ |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06423-y |
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