Durability assessment of vacuum-infused GFRP laminates and I-beams in marine environments

This study investigates the long-term durability of vacuum-infused glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite (GFRP) laminates and I-beams in marine environments. Through an extensive experimental program, material-level (laminates) and component-level (I-beams) specimens were subjected to three disti...

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Main Authors: Xinqiang Xi, Shaojie Zhang, Zhi-hao Hao, Peng Feng, Fei Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Case Studies in Construction Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525005418
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author Xinqiang Xi
Shaojie Zhang
Zhi-hao Hao
Peng Feng
Fei Zhao
author_facet Xinqiang Xi
Shaojie Zhang
Zhi-hao Hao
Peng Feng
Fei Zhao
author_sort Xinqiang Xi
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the long-term durability of vacuum-infused glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite (GFRP) laminates and I-beams in marine environments. Through an extensive experimental program, material-level (laminates) and component-level (I-beams) specimens were subjected to three distinct aging conditions: natural offshore exposure; standard simulated marine environment (UV radiation with seawater immersion at room temperature), and accelerated aging condition (UV radiation with seawater immersion at 60°C). Tensile and compressive tests on laminates at different fiber orientations were conducted to evaluate anisotropic degradation, while flexural tests on I-beams evaluated component degradation. Microstructural characterization further revealed degradation mechanisms. In addition, a fluorocarbon coating was tested for its protective effectiveness. Key findings reveal that laminates and I-beams exhibited similar degradation trends under natural and standard environments, validating the reliability of laboratory simulations. While accelerated aging induced more severe degradation, failure mechanisms remained consistent. Laminates experienced greater strength degradation in tension (over 30 %) and compression (around 10 %) compared to the flexural strength degradation of I-beams (8.64 %) under the same conditions. Furthermore, the fluorocarbon coating effectively mitigated degradation, although its effectiveness declined at elevated temperature. This study enhances the understanding of GFRP durability in marine environments by correlating laboratory simulations with natural exposure, offering valuable insights for marine applications of vacuum-infused GFRP structures.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Case Studies in Construction Materials
spelling doaj-art-2e063c12e91c49cc95af4a634cec186c2025-08-20T01:49:48ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952025-07-0122e0474310.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04743Durability assessment of vacuum-infused GFRP laminates and I-beams in marine environmentsXinqiang Xi0Shaojie Zhang1Zhi-hao Hao2Peng Feng3Fei Zhao4School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Corresponding authors.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Corresponding authors.This study investigates the long-term durability of vacuum-infused glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite (GFRP) laminates and I-beams in marine environments. Through an extensive experimental program, material-level (laminates) and component-level (I-beams) specimens were subjected to three distinct aging conditions: natural offshore exposure; standard simulated marine environment (UV radiation with seawater immersion at room temperature), and accelerated aging condition (UV radiation with seawater immersion at 60°C). Tensile and compressive tests on laminates at different fiber orientations were conducted to evaluate anisotropic degradation, while flexural tests on I-beams evaluated component degradation. Microstructural characterization further revealed degradation mechanisms. In addition, a fluorocarbon coating was tested for its protective effectiveness. Key findings reveal that laminates and I-beams exhibited similar degradation trends under natural and standard environments, validating the reliability of laboratory simulations. While accelerated aging induced more severe degradation, failure mechanisms remained consistent. Laminates experienced greater strength degradation in tension (over 30 %) and compression (around 10 %) compared to the flexural strength degradation of I-beams (8.64 %) under the same conditions. Furthermore, the fluorocarbon coating effectively mitigated degradation, although its effectiveness declined at elevated temperature. This study enhances the understanding of GFRP durability in marine environments by correlating laboratory simulations with natural exposure, offering valuable insights for marine applications of vacuum-infused GFRP structures.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525005418Vacuum infusionGFRPLaminatesI-beamsMarine environmentsLong-term performance
spellingShingle Xinqiang Xi
Shaojie Zhang
Zhi-hao Hao
Peng Feng
Fei Zhao
Durability assessment of vacuum-infused GFRP laminates and I-beams in marine environments
Case Studies in Construction Materials
Vacuum infusion
GFRP
Laminates
I-beams
Marine environments
Long-term performance
title Durability assessment of vacuum-infused GFRP laminates and I-beams in marine environments
title_full Durability assessment of vacuum-infused GFRP laminates and I-beams in marine environments
title_fullStr Durability assessment of vacuum-infused GFRP laminates and I-beams in marine environments
title_full_unstemmed Durability assessment of vacuum-infused GFRP laminates and I-beams in marine environments
title_short Durability assessment of vacuum-infused GFRP laminates and I-beams in marine environments
title_sort durability assessment of vacuum infused gfrp laminates and i beams in marine environments
topic Vacuum infusion
GFRP
Laminates
I-beams
Marine environments
Long-term performance
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525005418
work_keys_str_mv AT xinqiangxi durabilityassessmentofvacuuminfusedgfrplaminatesandibeamsinmarineenvironments
AT shaojiezhang durabilityassessmentofvacuuminfusedgfrplaminatesandibeamsinmarineenvironments
AT zhihaohao durabilityassessmentofvacuuminfusedgfrplaminatesandibeamsinmarineenvironments
AT pengfeng durabilityassessmentofvacuuminfusedgfrplaminatesandibeamsinmarineenvironments
AT feizhao durabilityassessmentofvacuuminfusedgfrplaminatesandibeamsinmarineenvironments