Green Goals, Financial Gains: SDG 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy” and Bank Profitability in Romania

This study investigates the relationship between disclosures related to Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) and the financial profitability of Romanian commercial banks during the 2017–2023 period. Using an unbalanced panel dataset of 17 banks and applying fixed-effects regression models, the pap...

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Main Authors: Mihaela Curea, Maria Carmen Huian, Francesco Zecca, Florentina Olivia Balu, Marilena Mironiuc
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3252
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author Mihaela Curea
Maria Carmen Huian
Francesco Zecca
Florentina Olivia Balu
Marilena Mironiuc
author_facet Mihaela Curea
Maria Carmen Huian
Francesco Zecca
Florentina Olivia Balu
Marilena Mironiuc
author_sort Mihaela Curea
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the relationship between disclosures related to Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) and the financial profitability of Romanian commercial banks during the 2017–2023 period. Using an unbalanced panel dataset of 17 banks and applying fixed-effects regression models, the paper examines how transparency around energy-related sustainability practices influences various dimensions of bank profitability: recurring earning power (REP), loan yield (LY), return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE). Macroeconomic energy indicators, such as the energy intensity level of primary energy (EnInt) and renewable energy consumption (REnC), are also controlled for. The findings indicate that SDG 7.1 disclosures are negatively associated with all profitability measures, except for LY, suggesting potential short-term trade-offs between sustainability transparency and financial outcomes. In contrast, SDG 7.2 disclosures positively impact REP, ROA, and ROE, underscoring the financial relevance of renewable energy financing. SDG 7.a disclosures show no significant relationship with profitability, indicating limited operational involvement in global energy cooperation. Additionally, higher energy intensity negatively affects REP and LY, supporting existing evidence that energy efficiency improves banking performance. These findings have implications for banking strategy, emphasizing the need to align sustainability disclosures with business priorities while recognizing the long-term benefits of green finance and energy efficiency.
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spelling doaj-art-2e025da19bb34b45882c50e0c693f16b2025-08-20T03:28:29ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011813325210.3390/en18133252Green Goals, Financial Gains: SDG 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy” and Bank Profitability in RomaniaMihaela Curea0Maria Carmen Huian1Francesco Zecca2Florentina Olivia Balu3Marilena Mironiuc4Department of Accounting, Business Information Systems and Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700505 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Accounting, Business Information Systems and Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700505 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Management, Faculty of Economics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyGeneva School of Economics and Management (GSEM), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, SwitzerlandDepartment of Accounting, Business Information Systems and Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700505 Iasi, RomaniaThis study investigates the relationship between disclosures related to Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) and the financial profitability of Romanian commercial banks during the 2017–2023 period. Using an unbalanced panel dataset of 17 banks and applying fixed-effects regression models, the paper examines how transparency around energy-related sustainability practices influences various dimensions of bank profitability: recurring earning power (REP), loan yield (LY), return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE). Macroeconomic energy indicators, such as the energy intensity level of primary energy (EnInt) and renewable energy consumption (REnC), are also controlled for. The findings indicate that SDG 7.1 disclosures are negatively associated with all profitability measures, except for LY, suggesting potential short-term trade-offs between sustainability transparency and financial outcomes. In contrast, SDG 7.2 disclosures positively impact REP, ROA, and ROE, underscoring the financial relevance of renewable energy financing. SDG 7.a disclosures show no significant relationship with profitability, indicating limited operational involvement in global energy cooperation. Additionally, higher energy intensity negatively affects REP and LY, supporting existing evidence that energy efficiency improves banking performance. These findings have implications for banking strategy, emphasizing the need to align sustainability disclosures with business priorities while recognizing the long-term benefits of green finance and energy efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3252SDG 7bank profitabilitySustainable Development Goals (SDGs)sustainability reportingrenewable energy
spellingShingle Mihaela Curea
Maria Carmen Huian
Francesco Zecca
Florentina Olivia Balu
Marilena Mironiuc
Green Goals, Financial Gains: SDG 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy” and Bank Profitability in Romania
Energies
SDG 7
bank profitability
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
sustainability reporting
renewable energy
title Green Goals, Financial Gains: SDG 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy” and Bank Profitability in Romania
title_full Green Goals, Financial Gains: SDG 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy” and Bank Profitability in Romania
title_fullStr Green Goals, Financial Gains: SDG 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy” and Bank Profitability in Romania
title_full_unstemmed Green Goals, Financial Gains: SDG 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy” and Bank Profitability in Romania
title_short Green Goals, Financial Gains: SDG 7 “Affordable and Clean Energy” and Bank Profitability in Romania
title_sort green goals financial gains sdg 7 affordable and clean energy and bank profitability in romania
topic SDG 7
bank profitability
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
sustainability reporting
renewable energy
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3252
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