Deepfake Media Forensics: Status and Future Challenges

The rise of AI-generated synthetic media, or deepfakes, has introduced unprecedented opportunities and challenges across various fields, including entertainment, cybersecurity, and digital communication. Using advanced frameworks such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Diffusion Models (D...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Irene Amerini, Mauro Barni, Sebastiano Battiato, Paolo Bestagini, Giulia Boato, Vittoria Bruni, Roberto Caldelli, Francesco De Natale, Rocco De Nicola, Luca Guarnera, Sara Mandelli, Taiba Majid, Gian Luca Marcialis, Marco Micheletto, Andrea Montibeller, Giulia Orrù, Alessandro Ortis, Pericle Perazzo, Giovanni Puglisi, Nischay Purnekar, Davide Salvi, Stefano Tubaro, Massimo Villari, Domenico Vitulano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Imaging
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/3/73
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850090466397126656
author Irene Amerini
Mauro Barni
Sebastiano Battiato
Paolo Bestagini
Giulia Boato
Vittoria Bruni
Roberto Caldelli
Francesco De Natale
Rocco De Nicola
Luca Guarnera
Sara Mandelli
Taiba Majid
Gian Luca Marcialis
Marco Micheletto
Andrea Montibeller
Giulia Orrù
Alessandro Ortis
Pericle Perazzo
Giovanni Puglisi
Nischay Purnekar
Davide Salvi
Stefano Tubaro
Massimo Villari
Domenico Vitulano
author_facet Irene Amerini
Mauro Barni
Sebastiano Battiato
Paolo Bestagini
Giulia Boato
Vittoria Bruni
Roberto Caldelli
Francesco De Natale
Rocco De Nicola
Luca Guarnera
Sara Mandelli
Taiba Majid
Gian Luca Marcialis
Marco Micheletto
Andrea Montibeller
Giulia Orrù
Alessandro Ortis
Pericle Perazzo
Giovanni Puglisi
Nischay Purnekar
Davide Salvi
Stefano Tubaro
Massimo Villari
Domenico Vitulano
author_sort Irene Amerini
collection DOAJ
description The rise of AI-generated synthetic media, or deepfakes, has introduced unprecedented opportunities and challenges across various fields, including entertainment, cybersecurity, and digital communication. Using advanced frameworks such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Diffusion Models (DMs), deepfakes are capable of producing highly realistic yet fabricated content, while these advancements enable creative and innovative applications, they also pose severe ethical, social, and security risks due to their potential misuse. The proliferation of deepfakes has triggered phenomena like “Impostor Bias”, a growing skepticism toward the authenticity of multimedia content, further complicating trust in digital interactions. This paper is mainly based on the description of a research project called FF4ALL (FF4ALL-Detection of Deep Fake Media and Life-Long Media Authentication) for the detection and authentication of deepfakes, focusing on areas such as forensic attribution, passive and active authentication, and detection in real-world scenarios. By exploring both the strengths and limitations of current methodologies, we highlight critical research gaps and propose directions for future advancements to ensure media integrity and trustworthiness in an era increasingly dominated by synthetic media.
format Article
id doaj-art-2df7354457ec44d587ebf423130f2fd5
institution DOAJ
issn 2313-433X
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Imaging
spelling doaj-art-2df7354457ec44d587ebf423130f2fd52025-08-20T02:42:34ZengMDPI AGJournal of Imaging2313-433X2025-02-011137310.3390/jimaging11030073Deepfake Media Forensics: Status and Future ChallengesIrene Amerini0Mauro Barni1Sebastiano Battiato2Paolo Bestagini3Giulia Boato4Vittoria Bruni5Roberto Caldelli6Francesco De Natale7Rocco De Nicola8Luca Guarnera9Sara Mandelli10Taiba Majid11Gian Luca Marcialis12Marco Micheletto13Andrea Montibeller14Giulia Orrù15Alessandro Ortis16Pericle Perazzo17Giovanni Puglisi18Nischay Purnekar19Davide Salvi20Stefano Tubaro21Massimo Villari22Domenico Vitulano23Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, ItalyDepartment of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyCNIT, National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications, 50134 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, ItalyIMT School for Advanced Studies, 55100 Lucca, ItalyDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, ItalyDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyMIFT Department, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyThe rise of AI-generated synthetic media, or deepfakes, has introduced unprecedented opportunities and challenges across various fields, including entertainment, cybersecurity, and digital communication. Using advanced frameworks such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Diffusion Models (DMs), deepfakes are capable of producing highly realistic yet fabricated content, while these advancements enable creative and innovative applications, they also pose severe ethical, social, and security risks due to their potential misuse. The proliferation of deepfakes has triggered phenomena like “Impostor Bias”, a growing skepticism toward the authenticity of multimedia content, further complicating trust in digital interactions. This paper is mainly based on the description of a research project called FF4ALL (FF4ALL-Detection of Deep Fake Media and Life-Long Media Authentication) for the detection and authentication of deepfakes, focusing on areas such as forensic attribution, passive and active authentication, and detection in real-world scenarios. By exploring both the strengths and limitations of current methodologies, we highlight critical research gaps and propose directions for future advancements to ensure media integrity and trustworthiness in an era increasingly dominated by synthetic media.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/3/73media forensicsdeepfake detectiondeepfake attribution and recognitiondeepfake authentication techniquesaudio deepfake detection
spellingShingle Irene Amerini
Mauro Barni
Sebastiano Battiato
Paolo Bestagini
Giulia Boato
Vittoria Bruni
Roberto Caldelli
Francesco De Natale
Rocco De Nicola
Luca Guarnera
Sara Mandelli
Taiba Majid
Gian Luca Marcialis
Marco Micheletto
Andrea Montibeller
Giulia Orrù
Alessandro Ortis
Pericle Perazzo
Giovanni Puglisi
Nischay Purnekar
Davide Salvi
Stefano Tubaro
Massimo Villari
Domenico Vitulano
Deepfake Media Forensics: Status and Future Challenges
Journal of Imaging
media forensics
deepfake detection
deepfake attribution and recognition
deepfake authentication techniques
audio deepfake detection
title Deepfake Media Forensics: Status and Future Challenges
title_full Deepfake Media Forensics: Status and Future Challenges
title_fullStr Deepfake Media Forensics: Status and Future Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Deepfake Media Forensics: Status and Future Challenges
title_short Deepfake Media Forensics: Status and Future Challenges
title_sort deepfake media forensics status and future challenges
topic media forensics
deepfake detection
deepfake attribution and recognition
deepfake authentication techniques
audio deepfake detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/11/3/73
work_keys_str_mv AT ireneamerini deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT maurobarni deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT sebastianobattiato deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT paolobestagini deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT giuliaboato deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT vittoriabruni deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT robertocaldelli deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT francescodenatale deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT roccodenicola deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT lucaguarnera deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT saramandelli deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT taibamajid deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT gianlucamarcialis deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT marcomicheletto deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT andreamontibeller deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT giuliaorru deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT alessandroortis deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT pericleperazzo deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT giovannipuglisi deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT nischaypurnekar deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT davidesalvi deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT stefanotubaro deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT massimovillari deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges
AT domenicovitulano deepfakemediaforensicsstatusandfuturechallenges