The correlation of bandgap with the crystallite size using the quantum confinement effect for wastewater treatment
Porous structured materials have immense applications in the refinement of wastewater. The metal oxides blended with 2-D porous materials can be used as an efficient photo-catalyst for the treatment of polluted water. For this purpose, we have synthesized water-stable Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 (NZF) and Ni0.3...
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Desalination and Water Treatment |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625001316 |
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| author | Khadijah MohammedSaleh Katubi Alizah Jabeen Z.A. Alrowaili Imran Shakir M.S. Al-Buriahi Muhammad Farooq Warsi |
| author_facet | Khadijah MohammedSaleh Katubi Alizah Jabeen Z.A. Alrowaili Imran Shakir M.S. Al-Buriahi Muhammad Farooq Warsi |
| author_sort | Khadijah MohammedSaleh Katubi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porous structured materials have immense applications in the refinement of wastewater. The metal oxides blended with 2-D porous materials can be used as an efficient photo-catalyst for the treatment of polluted water. For this purpose, we have synthesized water-stable Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 (NZF) and Ni0.3Zn0.7Mg0.05Fe1.95O4 (NZMF) and Ni0.3Zn0.7Mg0.05Fe1.95O4/r-GO (NZMF@rGO) porous materials for degradation of toxic contaminants from industrial waste. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy and further used as photo-catalytic entities for the degradation of crystal violet (CV) and benzoic acid (BA) as targeted pollutants. The optical band gap of NZMF (1.79 eV) was higher than pristine NZF (1.74 eV) and the reduction (NZF = 22.59 nm and NZMF = 22.45 nm) in the crystallite size according to the quantum confinement effect as the different ionic radius and electronic configuration of magnesium (Mg) compared to Fe are likely to alter the crystal and electronic band structures, thus influencing the bandgap and crystallite size. EIS analysis presented higher value of charge transfer by NZMF because of lower value of charge transfer resistance (Rct = 4.34 Ω) than the pristine NZF. The photocatalytic experiment presented the maximum degradation of targeted pollutants (BA= 72.05 %, CV= 92.6 %) using rGO comprised NZMF. Hence, NZMF@rGO can be used as an interesting photoactive material for the conversion of poisonous chemicals into functional by-products (H2O and CO2). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2df2f7bb5fbd4fd7a06d7fdaaa64c12f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1944-3986 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Desalination and Water Treatment |
| spelling | doaj-art-2df2f7bb5fbd4fd7a06d7fdaaa64c12f2025-08-20T03:07:50ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862025-04-0132210111510.1016/j.dwt.2025.101115The correlation of bandgap with the crystallite size using the quantum confinement effect for wastewater treatmentKhadijah MohammedSaleh Katubi0Alizah Jabeen1Z.A. Alrowaili2Imran Shakir3M.S. Al-Buriahi4Muhammad Farooq Warsi5Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Chemistry, Baghdadul-Jadded Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, PakistanDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O.Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia; Sustainability Research Center, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, Sakarya University, Sakarya, TurkeyInstitute of Chemistry, Baghdadul-Jadded Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan; Corresponding author.Porous structured materials have immense applications in the refinement of wastewater. The metal oxides blended with 2-D porous materials can be used as an efficient photo-catalyst for the treatment of polluted water. For this purpose, we have synthesized water-stable Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 (NZF) and Ni0.3Zn0.7Mg0.05Fe1.95O4 (NZMF) and Ni0.3Zn0.7Mg0.05Fe1.95O4/r-GO (NZMF@rGO) porous materials for degradation of toxic contaminants from industrial waste. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy and further used as photo-catalytic entities for the degradation of crystal violet (CV) and benzoic acid (BA) as targeted pollutants. The optical band gap of NZMF (1.79 eV) was higher than pristine NZF (1.74 eV) and the reduction (NZF = 22.59 nm and NZMF = 22.45 nm) in the crystallite size according to the quantum confinement effect as the different ionic radius and electronic configuration of magnesium (Mg) compared to Fe are likely to alter the crystal and electronic band structures, thus influencing the bandgap and crystallite size. EIS analysis presented higher value of charge transfer by NZMF because of lower value of charge transfer resistance (Rct = 4.34 Ω) than the pristine NZF. The photocatalytic experiment presented the maximum degradation of targeted pollutants (BA= 72.05 %, CV= 92.6 %) using rGO comprised NZMF. Hence, NZMF@rGO can be used as an interesting photoactive material for the conversion of poisonous chemicals into functional by-products (H2O and CO2).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625001316Spinel ferriteRGOQuantum confinement effectCrystallite sizeTauc plotBenzoic acid |
| spellingShingle | Khadijah MohammedSaleh Katubi Alizah Jabeen Z.A. Alrowaili Imran Shakir M.S. Al-Buriahi Muhammad Farooq Warsi The correlation of bandgap with the crystallite size using the quantum confinement effect for wastewater treatment Desalination and Water Treatment Spinel ferrite RGO Quantum confinement effect Crystallite size Tauc plot Benzoic acid |
| title | The correlation of bandgap with the crystallite size using the quantum confinement effect for wastewater treatment |
| title_full | The correlation of bandgap with the crystallite size using the quantum confinement effect for wastewater treatment |
| title_fullStr | The correlation of bandgap with the crystallite size using the quantum confinement effect for wastewater treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | The correlation of bandgap with the crystallite size using the quantum confinement effect for wastewater treatment |
| title_short | The correlation of bandgap with the crystallite size using the quantum confinement effect for wastewater treatment |
| title_sort | correlation of bandgap with the crystallite size using the quantum confinement effect for wastewater treatment |
| topic | Spinel ferrite RGO Quantum confinement effect Crystallite size Tauc plot Benzoic acid |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625001316 |
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