Construction of Coexpression Networks Affecting Litter Size in Goats Based on Transcriptome Analysis

Optimal litter size on goat farms is an important trait for production and economic efficiency. The ovary and uterus, key components of the reproductive system, play essential roles in reproductive performance. In recent years, numerous genes linked to goat reproductive performance have been identif...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yifan Ren, Junmin He, Guifen Liu, Chen Wei, Xue Li, Jingyi Mao, Guoping Zhang, Wenhao Zhang, Li Long, Ming Wang, Kechuan Tian, Xixia Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1505
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849331322484424704
author Yifan Ren
Junmin He
Guifen Liu
Chen Wei
Xue Li
Jingyi Mao
Guoping Zhang
Wenhao Zhang
Li Long
Ming Wang
Kechuan Tian
Xixia Huang
author_facet Yifan Ren
Junmin He
Guifen Liu
Chen Wei
Xue Li
Jingyi Mao
Guoping Zhang
Wenhao Zhang
Li Long
Ming Wang
Kechuan Tian
Xixia Huang
author_sort Yifan Ren
collection DOAJ
description Optimal litter size on goat farms is an important trait for production and economic efficiency. The ovary and uterus, key components of the reproductive system, play essential roles in reproductive performance. In recent years, numerous genes linked to goat reproductive performance have been identified. However, reliable marker genes that are specifically associated with litter size require further exploration. In this study, eight Jining Grey goats were divided into high-yield (<i>n</i> = 4) and low-yield (<i>n</i> = 4) groups on the basis of their kidding records to identify key regulatory genes associated with litter size. Ovarian and uterine tissues were collected during oestrus for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). After two outlier uterine tissue samples were excluded, the remaining 14 samples were subjected to WGCNA and differential expression gene (DEG) analysis. A total of 1224 DEGs were identified (|log2(fold change) ≥ 1|, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), including 912 in ovarian tissues (monozygotic vs. polyzygotic, MO vs. PO) and 312 in uterine tissues (MU vs. PU). Through WGCNA, we identified 15 coexpression modules, among which four key modules were significantly correlated with litter size. Our analysis focused on the magenta and green modules, as they contained 11 and 3 candidate genes overlapping with the DEGs, respectively. Notably, three genes—<i>FOXC1</i>, <i>FOSB</i>, and <i>FGL2</i>—were found to play important roles in both ovarian and uterine tissues. These genes mainly participate in regulatory processes such as RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, calcium ion binding, and extracellular space organization, highlighting their potential as key candidates for future research. Overall, we identified several gene modules associated with litter size in goats, providing potential molecular markers for investigating litter size traits in Jining Grey goats.
format Article
id doaj-art-2df13b8f3e384b0999b7425c8bda8552
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-2615
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Animals
spelling doaj-art-2df13b8f3e384b0999b7425c8bda85522025-08-20T03:46:38ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-05-011511150510.3390/ani15111505Construction of Coexpression Networks Affecting Litter Size in Goats Based on Transcriptome AnalysisYifan Ren0Junmin He1Guifen Liu2Chen Wei3Xue Li4Jingyi Mao5Guoping Zhang6Wenhao Zhang7Li Long8Ming Wang9Kechuan Tian10Xixia Huang11College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaOptimal litter size on goat farms is an important trait for production and economic efficiency. The ovary and uterus, key components of the reproductive system, play essential roles in reproductive performance. In recent years, numerous genes linked to goat reproductive performance have been identified. However, reliable marker genes that are specifically associated with litter size require further exploration. In this study, eight Jining Grey goats were divided into high-yield (<i>n</i> = 4) and low-yield (<i>n</i> = 4) groups on the basis of their kidding records to identify key regulatory genes associated with litter size. Ovarian and uterine tissues were collected during oestrus for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). After two outlier uterine tissue samples were excluded, the remaining 14 samples were subjected to WGCNA and differential expression gene (DEG) analysis. A total of 1224 DEGs were identified (|log2(fold change) ≥ 1|, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), including 912 in ovarian tissues (monozygotic vs. polyzygotic, MO vs. PO) and 312 in uterine tissues (MU vs. PU). Through WGCNA, we identified 15 coexpression modules, among which four key modules were significantly correlated with litter size. Our analysis focused on the magenta and green modules, as they contained 11 and 3 candidate genes overlapping with the DEGs, respectively. Notably, three genes—<i>FOXC1</i>, <i>FOSB</i>, and <i>FGL2</i>—were found to play important roles in both ovarian and uterine tissues. These genes mainly participate in regulatory processes such as RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, calcium ion binding, and extracellular space organization, highlighting their potential as key candidates for future research. Overall, we identified several gene modules associated with litter size in goats, providing potential molecular markers for investigating litter size traits in Jining Grey goats.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1505goatlitter sizetranscriptome sequencingWGCNA
spellingShingle Yifan Ren
Junmin He
Guifen Liu
Chen Wei
Xue Li
Jingyi Mao
Guoping Zhang
Wenhao Zhang
Li Long
Ming Wang
Kechuan Tian
Xixia Huang
Construction of Coexpression Networks Affecting Litter Size in Goats Based on Transcriptome Analysis
Animals
goat
litter size
transcriptome sequencing
WGCNA
title Construction of Coexpression Networks Affecting Litter Size in Goats Based on Transcriptome Analysis
title_full Construction of Coexpression Networks Affecting Litter Size in Goats Based on Transcriptome Analysis
title_fullStr Construction of Coexpression Networks Affecting Litter Size in Goats Based on Transcriptome Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Construction of Coexpression Networks Affecting Litter Size in Goats Based on Transcriptome Analysis
title_short Construction of Coexpression Networks Affecting Litter Size in Goats Based on Transcriptome Analysis
title_sort construction of coexpression networks affecting litter size in goats based on transcriptome analysis
topic goat
litter size
transcriptome sequencing
WGCNA
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/11/1505
work_keys_str_mv AT yifanren constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT junminhe constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT guifenliu constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT chenwei constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT xueli constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT jingyimao constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT guopingzhang constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT wenhaozhang constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT lilong constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT mingwang constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT kechuantian constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis
AT xixiahuang constructionofcoexpressionnetworksaffectinglittersizeingoatsbasedontranscriptomeanalysis