Effects of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Soil Bacterial Community During Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>)
This study investigated the effects of liquid bio-fertilizer (LBF) on the growth, antioxidant activity, soil properties, and soil microbial composition of Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>). The LBF application significantly enhanced vegetative g...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/1036 |
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| author | Tran Yen Linh Le Junkyung Lee Su-Yeon Shim Jiwon Jung Soo-Ryang Kim Sung-Ha Hong Myung-Gyu Lee Sun-Goo Hwang |
| author_facet | Tran Yen Linh Le Junkyung Lee Su-Yeon Shim Jiwon Jung Soo-Ryang Kim Sung-Ha Hong Myung-Gyu Lee Sun-Goo Hwang |
| author_sort | Tran Yen Linh Le |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the effects of liquid bio-fertilizer (LBF) on the growth, antioxidant activity, soil properties, and soil microbial composition of Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>). The LBF application significantly enhanced vegetative growth by increasing the leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, and dry weight. Additionally, antioxidant activity increased with rises in total phenolic and flavonoid contents. However, the per-unit antioxidant concentrations decreased, likely due to rapid biomass accumulation. Soil analysis showed improvements in pH, organic matter, and available phosphorus. Microbial analysis revealed that <i>Acidobacteria</i> enrichment was associated with enhanced nutrient cycling despite reduced overall microbial diversity. Transcriptomic analysis identified 445 differentially expressed genes with upregulation in the metabolism and photosynthesis-related pathways, suggesting improved nutrient assimilation and energy production. These findings demonstrate that LBF enhances plant growth and soil fertility while influencing microbial dynamics and gene expression. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2dceee2d965b4b6499f96fa8e95451fc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-2dceee2d965b4b6499f96fa8e95451fc2025-08-20T02:33:51ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-04-01135103610.3390/microorganisms13051036Effects of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Soil Bacterial Community During Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>)Tran Yen Linh Le0Junkyung Lee1Su-Yeon Shim2Jiwon Jung3Soo-Ryang Kim4Sung-Ha Hong5Myung-Gyu Lee6Sun-Goo Hwang7Department of Agricultural Convergence, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Plant Science, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Plant Science, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Resources, Agricultural and Rural Development, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of KoreaIndustry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of KoreaIndustry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Smart Life Science, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Smart Life Science, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of KoreaThis study investigated the effects of liquid bio-fertilizer (LBF) on the growth, antioxidant activity, soil properties, and soil microbial composition of Chinese cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>). The LBF application significantly enhanced vegetative growth by increasing the leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, and dry weight. Additionally, antioxidant activity increased with rises in total phenolic and flavonoid contents. However, the per-unit antioxidant concentrations decreased, likely due to rapid biomass accumulation. Soil analysis showed improvements in pH, organic matter, and available phosphorus. Microbial analysis revealed that <i>Acidobacteria</i> enrichment was associated with enhanced nutrient cycling despite reduced overall microbial diversity. Transcriptomic analysis identified 445 differentially expressed genes with upregulation in the metabolism and photosynthesis-related pathways, suggesting improved nutrient assimilation and energy production. These findings demonstrate that LBF enhances plant growth and soil fertility while influencing microbial dynamics and gene expression.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/1036liquid bio-fertilizerplant growthantioxidantsoil nutrientssoil microbial diversity |
| spellingShingle | Tran Yen Linh Le Junkyung Lee Su-Yeon Shim Jiwon Jung Soo-Ryang Kim Sung-Ha Hong Myung-Gyu Lee Sun-Goo Hwang Effects of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Soil Bacterial Community During Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>) Microorganisms liquid bio-fertilizer plant growth antioxidant soil nutrients soil microbial diversity |
| title | Effects of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Soil Bacterial Community During Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>) |
| title_full | Effects of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Soil Bacterial Community During Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Soil Bacterial Community During Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Soil Bacterial Community During Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>) |
| title_short | Effects of Liquid Bio-Fertilizer on Plant Growth, Antioxidant Activity, and Soil Bacterial Community During Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>) |
| title_sort | effects of liquid bio fertilizer on plant growth antioxidant activity and soil bacterial community during cultivation of chinese cabbage i brassica rapa i l ssp i pekinensis i |
| topic | liquid bio-fertilizer plant growth antioxidant soil nutrients soil microbial diversity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/1036 |
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