Running therapy improves clinical symptoms but not functional network connectivity in individuals with affective disorders

Objectives: Running therapy has been shown to be efficacious for depression and anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the effects of running therapy on functional brain connectivity. Methods: We used resting-state functional MRI scans from 25 individuals with an affective disorder that p...

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Main Authors: Chris Vriend, Josine E. Verhoeven, Laura S. van Velzen, Lianne Schmaal, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Laura K.M. Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:NeuroImage: Clinical
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158225000828
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author Chris Vriend
Josine E. Verhoeven
Laura S. van Velzen
Lianne Schmaal
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
Laura K.M. Han
author_facet Chris Vriend
Josine E. Verhoeven
Laura S. van Velzen
Lianne Schmaal
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
Laura K.M. Han
author_sort Chris Vriend
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: Running therapy has been shown to be efficacious for depression and anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the effects of running therapy on functional brain connectivity. Methods: We used resting-state functional MRI scans from 25 individuals with an affective disorder that performed 16 weeks running therapy as part of the MOod Treatment with Antidepressants or Running (MOTAR) study. Using an atlas-based approach we investigated therapy-induced changes in connectivity and topology of several functional systems, e.g. the default-mode and salience networks. We additionally performed a case-control analysis using the pre-treatment scans of affective disorder patients (N = 50) and matched healthy controls (N = 66). Results: Running therapy significantly improved depressive (Inventory of Depressive Symptoms; IDS) and anxiety (Beck’s Anxiety Inventory; BAI) symptoms after 16 weeks (IDS: Z = −4.13, P < 0.001, BAI: Z = −2.87, P = 0.003), but it had no significant effect on functional connectivity or network topology. The case-control analyses at baseline also did not reveal any between-group differences. Conclusion: We conclude that there were either no functional abnormalities to improve or the effects of 16 weeks running therapy may be too subtle to impact (global) network communication of functional systems and may be limited to changes in localized brain regions. Discrepancies between our case-control results and that of previous literature are interpreted in light of methodological and clinical heterogeneity.
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spelling doaj-art-2dc2e1fd0a4f4b2f8e7119b13eac9d8a2025-08-20T02:34:53ZengElsevierNeuroImage: Clinical2213-15822025-01-014710381210.1016/j.nicl.2025.103812Running therapy improves clinical symptoms but not functional network connectivity in individuals with affective disordersChris Vriend0Josine E. Verhoeven1Laura S. van Velzen2Lianne Schmaal3Brenda W.J.H. Penninx4Laura K.M. Han5Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Corresponding author at: Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurosciences, O|2 Building 13W09, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsCentre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaCentre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaAmsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep &amp; Stress Program, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep &amp; Stress Program, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsObjectives: Running therapy has been shown to be efficacious for depression and anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the effects of running therapy on functional brain connectivity. Methods: We used resting-state functional MRI scans from 25 individuals with an affective disorder that performed 16 weeks running therapy as part of the MOod Treatment with Antidepressants or Running (MOTAR) study. Using an atlas-based approach we investigated therapy-induced changes in connectivity and topology of several functional systems, e.g. the default-mode and salience networks. We additionally performed a case-control analysis using the pre-treatment scans of affective disorder patients (N = 50) and matched healthy controls (N = 66). Results: Running therapy significantly improved depressive (Inventory of Depressive Symptoms; IDS) and anxiety (Beck’s Anxiety Inventory; BAI) symptoms after 16 weeks (IDS: Z = −4.13, P < 0.001, BAI: Z = −2.87, P = 0.003), but it had no significant effect on functional connectivity or network topology. The case-control analyses at baseline also did not reveal any between-group differences. Conclusion: We conclude that there were either no functional abnormalities to improve or the effects of 16 weeks running therapy may be too subtle to impact (global) network communication of functional systems and may be limited to changes in localized brain regions. Discrepancies between our case-control results and that of previous literature are interpreted in light of methodological and clinical heterogeneity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158225000828ExerciseInterventionTrialPsychiatryrsfMRIAffective disorders
spellingShingle Chris Vriend
Josine E. Verhoeven
Laura S. van Velzen
Lianne Schmaal
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
Laura K.M. Han
Running therapy improves clinical symptoms but not functional network connectivity in individuals with affective disorders
NeuroImage: Clinical
Exercise
Intervention
Trial
Psychiatry
rsfMRI
Affective disorders
title Running therapy improves clinical symptoms but not functional network connectivity in individuals with affective disorders
title_full Running therapy improves clinical symptoms but not functional network connectivity in individuals with affective disorders
title_fullStr Running therapy improves clinical symptoms but not functional network connectivity in individuals with affective disorders
title_full_unstemmed Running therapy improves clinical symptoms but not functional network connectivity in individuals with affective disorders
title_short Running therapy improves clinical symptoms but not functional network connectivity in individuals with affective disorders
title_sort running therapy improves clinical symptoms but not functional network connectivity in individuals with affective disorders
topic Exercise
Intervention
Trial
Psychiatry
rsfMRI
Affective disorders
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158225000828
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