Overview and Recent Advances in Bioassays to Evaluate the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Ambrosia Beetles

Ambrosia beetles, known for their symbiotic relationship with fungi cultivated within the tissues of host trees, have become significant pests, particularly when they serve as vectors for pathogenic fungi such as <i>Raffaelea lauricola</i>. Given the regulatory and environmental constrai...

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Main Authors: Jesús Enrique Castrejón-Antonio, Patricia Tamez-Guerra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Insects
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/6/615
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author Jesús Enrique Castrejón-Antonio
Patricia Tamez-Guerra
author_facet Jesús Enrique Castrejón-Antonio
Patricia Tamez-Guerra
author_sort Jesús Enrique Castrejón-Antonio
collection DOAJ
description Ambrosia beetles, known for their symbiotic relationship with fungi cultivated within the tissues of host trees, have become significant pests, particularly when they serve as vectors for pathogenic fungi such as <i>Raffaelea lauricola</i>. Given the regulatory and environmental constraints for chemical application as a tool for their control, entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) represent a promising pest management alternative. This review presents an overview of bioassays assessing the pathogenicity and virulence of EPF against ambrosia beetles. Most studies have been performed in vivo (artificial diet) under laboratory conditions, focusing on exotic species and testing EPF genera such as <i>Beauveria</i>, <i>Metarhizium</i>, <i>Isaria</i>, and <i>Purpureocillium</i>. However, variations in inoculation methods, environmental conditions, and fungal formulations, have led to diverse results. In addition, the complex biology of these insects, particularly their dependence on symbiotic fungi, represents significant methodological challenges. Field trials (in situ bioassays) are still scarce, and there is a need to move toward standardized protocols and more objective experimental models that consider not only insects’ behavior but also ecological factors. Bridging this gap is essential for successfully implementing EPF-based strategies to assess ambrosia beetles’ biocontrol.
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spelling doaj-art-2db9ae6c6c9d403ba9e2dc5a645f1fb22025-08-20T02:20:58ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-06-0116661510.3390/insects16060615Overview and Recent Advances in Bioassays to Evaluate the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Ambrosia BeetlesJesús Enrique Castrejón-Antonio0Patricia Tamez-Guerra1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Autopista Colima-Manzanillo km 40, La Estación, Tecomán 28930, Colima, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, MexicoAmbrosia beetles, known for their symbiotic relationship with fungi cultivated within the tissues of host trees, have become significant pests, particularly when they serve as vectors for pathogenic fungi such as <i>Raffaelea lauricola</i>. Given the regulatory and environmental constraints for chemical application as a tool for their control, entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) represent a promising pest management alternative. This review presents an overview of bioassays assessing the pathogenicity and virulence of EPF against ambrosia beetles. Most studies have been performed in vivo (artificial diet) under laboratory conditions, focusing on exotic species and testing EPF genera such as <i>Beauveria</i>, <i>Metarhizium</i>, <i>Isaria</i>, and <i>Purpureocillium</i>. However, variations in inoculation methods, environmental conditions, and fungal formulations, have led to diverse results. In addition, the complex biology of these insects, particularly their dependence on symbiotic fungi, represents significant methodological challenges. Field trials (in situ bioassays) are still scarce, and there is a need to move toward standardized protocols and more objective experimental models that consider not only insects’ behavior but also ecological factors. Bridging this gap is essential for successfully implementing EPF-based strategies to assess ambrosia beetles’ biocontrol.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/6/615bark beetlesbiological controlinoculationformulationScolytinaepest management programs
spellingShingle Jesús Enrique Castrejón-Antonio
Patricia Tamez-Guerra
Overview and Recent Advances in Bioassays to Evaluate the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Ambrosia Beetles
Insects
bark beetles
biological control
inoculation
formulation
Scolytinae
pest management programs
title Overview and Recent Advances in Bioassays to Evaluate the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Ambrosia Beetles
title_full Overview and Recent Advances in Bioassays to Evaluate the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Ambrosia Beetles
title_fullStr Overview and Recent Advances in Bioassays to Evaluate the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Ambrosia Beetles
title_full_unstemmed Overview and Recent Advances in Bioassays to Evaluate the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Ambrosia Beetles
title_short Overview and Recent Advances in Bioassays to Evaluate the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Ambrosia Beetles
title_sort overview and recent advances in bioassays to evaluate the potential of entomopathogenic fungi against ambrosia beetles
topic bark beetles
biological control
inoculation
formulation
Scolytinae
pest management programs
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/6/615
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