FBG Interrogator Using a Dispersive Waveguide Chip and a CMOS Camera
Optical sensors using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have become an alternative to traditional electronic sensors thanks to their immunity against electromagnetic interference, their applicability in harsh environments, and other advantages. However, the complexity and high cost of the FBG interrogatio...
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MDPI AG
2024-09-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/10/1206 |
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| author | Zhenming Ding Qing Chang Zeyu Deng Shijie Ke Xinhong Jiang Ziyang Zhang |
| author_facet | Zhenming Ding Qing Chang Zeyu Deng Shijie Ke Xinhong Jiang Ziyang Zhang |
| author_sort | Zhenming Ding |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Optical sensors using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have become an alternative to traditional electronic sensors thanks to their immunity against electromagnetic interference, their applicability in harsh environments, and other advantages. However, the complexity and high cost of the FBG interrogation systems pose a challenge for the wide deployment of such sensors. Herein, we present a clean and cost-effective method for interrogating an FBG temperature sensor using a micro-chip called the waveguide spectral lens (WSL) and a standard CMOS camera. This interrogation system can project the FBG transmission spectrum onto the camera without any free-space optical components. Based on this system, an FBG temperature sensor is developed, and the results show good agreement with a commercial optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), with the respective wavelength-temperature sensitivity measured as 6.33 pm/°C for the WSL camera system and 6.32 pm/°C for the commercial OSA. Direct data processing on the WSL camera system translates this sensitivity to 0.44 μm/°C in relation to the absolute spatial shift of the FBG spectra on the camera. Furthermore, a deep neural network is developed to train the spectral dataset, achieving a temperature resolution of 0.1 °C from 60 °C to 120 °C, while direct processing on the valley/dark line detection yields a resolution of 7.84 °C. The proposed hardware and the data processing method may lead to the development of a compact, practical, and low-cost FBG interrogator. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2db8bb6035cf444db66476037d187c0f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj-art-2db8bb6035cf444db66476037d187c0f2025-08-20T02:11:08ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2024-09-011510120610.3390/mi15101206FBG Interrogator Using a Dispersive Waveguide Chip and a CMOS CameraZhenming Ding0Qing Chang1Zeyu Deng2Shijie Ke3Xinhong Jiang4Ziyang Zhang5Laboratory of Photonic Integration, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaZhejiang Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Media, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, ChinaLaboratory of Photonic Integration, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaLaboratory of Photonic Integration, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaLaboratory of Photonic Integration, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaLaboratory of Photonic Integration, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, ChinaOptical sensors using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have become an alternative to traditional electronic sensors thanks to their immunity against electromagnetic interference, their applicability in harsh environments, and other advantages. However, the complexity and high cost of the FBG interrogation systems pose a challenge for the wide deployment of such sensors. Herein, we present a clean and cost-effective method for interrogating an FBG temperature sensor using a micro-chip called the waveguide spectral lens (WSL) and a standard CMOS camera. This interrogation system can project the FBG transmission spectrum onto the camera without any free-space optical components. Based on this system, an FBG temperature sensor is developed, and the results show good agreement with a commercial optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), with the respective wavelength-temperature sensitivity measured as 6.33 pm/°C for the WSL camera system and 6.32 pm/°C for the commercial OSA. Direct data processing on the WSL camera system translates this sensitivity to 0.44 μm/°C in relation to the absolute spatial shift of the FBG spectra on the camera. Furthermore, a deep neural network is developed to train the spectral dataset, achieving a temperature resolution of 0.1 °C from 60 °C to 120 °C, while direct processing on the valley/dark line detection yields a resolution of 7.84 °C. The proposed hardware and the data processing method may lead to the development of a compact, practical, and low-cost FBG interrogator.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/10/1206fiber Bragg gratingswaveguide spectral lensFBG interrogatorintegrated optics |
| spellingShingle | Zhenming Ding Qing Chang Zeyu Deng Shijie Ke Xinhong Jiang Ziyang Zhang FBG Interrogator Using a Dispersive Waveguide Chip and a CMOS Camera Micromachines fiber Bragg gratings waveguide spectral lens FBG interrogator integrated optics |
| title | FBG Interrogator Using a Dispersive Waveguide Chip and a CMOS Camera |
| title_full | FBG Interrogator Using a Dispersive Waveguide Chip and a CMOS Camera |
| title_fullStr | FBG Interrogator Using a Dispersive Waveguide Chip and a CMOS Camera |
| title_full_unstemmed | FBG Interrogator Using a Dispersive Waveguide Chip and a CMOS Camera |
| title_short | FBG Interrogator Using a Dispersive Waveguide Chip and a CMOS Camera |
| title_sort | fbg interrogator using a dispersive waveguide chip and a cmos camera |
| topic | fiber Bragg gratings waveguide spectral lens FBG interrogator integrated optics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/10/1206 |
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