Metabolic transformation of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in grass carp larvae: implications for morphological development and locomotor behavioral effects
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA), a musty-odor contaminant found in drinking water and wine, has unclear biological toxicity, limiting its risk assessment. Using GC–MS/MS, we examined 2,4,6-TCA and its transformation products in grass carp larvae, assessing the effects on their morphological devel...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-09-01
|
| Series: | Results in Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625005764 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Summary: | 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA), a musty-odor contaminant found in drinking water and wine, has unclear biological toxicity, limiting its risk assessment. Using GC–MS/MS, we examined 2,4,6-TCA and its transformation products in grass carp larvae, assessing the effects on their morphological development and locomotor behaviors. 2,4,6-TCA and its transformation products, including anisole, 2,6-dichloroanisole, highly toxic 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and chloride ions, were detected in both grass carp larvae and exposed water. In the 5, 50, and 500 μg/L 2,4,6-TCA treatment groups, 2,4,6-TCP concentrations in larvae were 6.47, 11.49, and 15.33 μg/kg respectively; in the 50 and 500 μg/L groups' exposed water, 2,4,6-TCP reached 34.43 and 45.99 ng/L. Exposure to 2,4,6-TCA induced concentration-dependent developmental anomalies, including spinal curvature, tail malformations, yolk sac swelling, and pericardial edema. Additionally, it triggered widespread tissue apoptosis and significantly diminished swimming activity in the larvae. These findings suggest that 2,4,6-TCA acts synergistically with its transformation product, 2,4,6-TCP, to induce cellular apoptosis and disrupt normal development, ultimately leading to developmental deformities and behavioral abnormalities in grass carp. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the developmental toxicity of 2,4,6-TCA in an economically important fish species and offers critical data for the scientific evaluation of its potential risk to human health. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 2211-7156 |