Deep learning and radiomics fusion for predicting the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma within ground glass nodules
Abstract Microinvasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) require distinct treatment strategies and are associated with different prognoses, underscoring the importance of accurate differentiation. This study aims to develop a predictive model that combines radiomics and deep lea...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13447-9 |
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| author | Qian Sun Lei Yu Zhongquan Song Can Wang Wei Li Wang Chen Juan Xu Shuhua Han |
| author_facet | Qian Sun Lei Yu Zhongquan Song Can Wang Wei Li Wang Chen Juan Xu Shuhua Han |
| author_sort | Qian Sun |
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| description | Abstract Microinvasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) require distinct treatment strategies and are associated with different prognoses, underscoring the importance of accurate differentiation. This study aims to develop a predictive model that combines radiomics and deep learning to effectively distinguish between MIA and IAC. In this retrospective study, 252 pathologically confirmed cases of ground-glass nodules (GGNs) were included, with 177 allocated to the training set and 75 to the testing set. Radiomics, 2D deep learning, and 3D deep learning models were constructed based on CT images. In addition, two fusion strategies were employed to integrate these modalities: early fusion, which concatenates features from all modalities prior to classification, and late fusion, which ensembles the output probabilities of the individual models. The predictive performance of all five models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and DeLong’s test was performed to compare differences in AUC between models. The radiomics model achieved an AUC of 0.794 (95% CI: 0.684–0.898), while the 2D and 3D deep learning models achieved AUCs of 0.754 (95% CI: 0.594–0.882) and 0.847 (95% CI: 0.724–0.945), respectively, in the testing set. Among the fusion models, the late fusion strategy demonstrated the highest predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.784–0.962), outperforming the early fusion model, which achieved an AUC of 0.857 (95% CI: 0.731–0.936). Although the differences were not statistically significant, the late fusion model yielded the highest numerical values for diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity across all models. The fusion of radiomics and deep learning features shows potential in improving the differentiation of MIA and IAC in GGNs. The late fusion strategy demonstrated promising results, warranting further validation in larger, multicenter studies. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-2da11489bc8e41fa9eb03a09ae47d1722025-08-20T03:05:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-13447-9Deep learning and radiomics fusion for predicting the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma within ground glass nodulesQian Sun0Lei Yu1Zhongquan Song2Can Wang3Wei Li4Wang Chen5Juan Xu6Shuhua Han7Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityDepartment of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiology, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng No.1 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast UniversityAbstract Microinvasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) require distinct treatment strategies and are associated with different prognoses, underscoring the importance of accurate differentiation. This study aims to develop a predictive model that combines radiomics and deep learning to effectively distinguish between MIA and IAC. In this retrospective study, 252 pathologically confirmed cases of ground-glass nodules (GGNs) were included, with 177 allocated to the training set and 75 to the testing set. Radiomics, 2D deep learning, and 3D deep learning models were constructed based on CT images. In addition, two fusion strategies were employed to integrate these modalities: early fusion, which concatenates features from all modalities prior to classification, and late fusion, which ensembles the output probabilities of the individual models. The predictive performance of all five models was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and DeLong’s test was performed to compare differences in AUC between models. The radiomics model achieved an AUC of 0.794 (95% CI: 0.684–0.898), while the 2D and 3D deep learning models achieved AUCs of 0.754 (95% CI: 0.594–0.882) and 0.847 (95% CI: 0.724–0.945), respectively, in the testing set. Among the fusion models, the late fusion strategy demonstrated the highest predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.784–0.962), outperforming the early fusion model, which achieved an AUC of 0.857 (95% CI: 0.731–0.936). Although the differences were not statistically significant, the late fusion model yielded the highest numerical values for diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity across all models. The fusion of radiomics and deep learning features shows potential in improving the differentiation of MIA and IAC in GGNs. The late fusion strategy demonstrated promising results, warranting further validation in larger, multicenter studies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13447-9Ground-glass noduleDeep learningRadiomicsInvasive adenocarcinomaFusion model |
| spellingShingle | Qian Sun Lei Yu Zhongquan Song Can Wang Wei Li Wang Chen Juan Xu Shuhua Han Deep learning and radiomics fusion for predicting the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma within ground glass nodules Scientific Reports Ground-glass nodule Deep learning Radiomics Invasive adenocarcinoma Fusion model |
| title | Deep learning and radiomics fusion for predicting the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma within ground glass nodules |
| title_full | Deep learning and radiomics fusion for predicting the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma within ground glass nodules |
| title_fullStr | Deep learning and radiomics fusion for predicting the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma within ground glass nodules |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deep learning and radiomics fusion for predicting the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma within ground glass nodules |
| title_short | Deep learning and radiomics fusion for predicting the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma within ground glass nodules |
| title_sort | deep learning and radiomics fusion for predicting the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma within ground glass nodules |
| topic | Ground-glass nodule Deep learning Radiomics Invasive adenocarcinoma Fusion model |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13447-9 |
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