Rapid tranquillisation for psychiatric in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder: under-recognised issue

Background Clinical guidelines for personality disorder emphasise the importance of patients being supported to develop psychological skills to help them manage their symptoms and behaviours. But where these mechanisms fail, and hospital admission occurs, little is known about how episodes of acut...

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Main Authors: Carol Paton, Mike J. Crawford, Matthew Hartley, Clive E. Adams, Elena M. Edokpolor Pernia, Olivia Rendora, Thomas R. E. Barnes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-09-01
Series:BJPsych Open
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056472425100525/type/journal_article
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author Carol Paton
Mike J. Crawford
Matthew Hartley
Clive E. Adams
Elena M. Edokpolor Pernia
Olivia Rendora
Thomas R. E. Barnes
author_facet Carol Paton
Mike J. Crawford
Matthew Hartley
Clive E. Adams
Elena M. Edokpolor Pernia
Olivia Rendora
Thomas R. E. Barnes
author_sort Carol Paton
collection DOAJ
description Background Clinical guidelines for personality disorder emphasise the importance of patients being supported to develop psychological skills to help them manage their symptoms and behaviours. But where these mechanisms fail, and hospital admission occurs, little is known about how episodes of acutely disturbed behaviour are managed. Aims To explore the clinical characteristics and management of episodes of acutely disturbed behaviour requiring medication in in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder. Method Analysis of clinical audit data collected in 2024 by the Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health, as part of a quality improvement programme addressing the pharmacological management of acutely disturbed behaviour. Data were collected from clinical records using a bespoke proforma. Results Sixty-two mental health Trusts submitted data on 951 episodes of acutely disturbed behaviour involving patients with a personality disorder, with this being the sole psychiatric diagnosis in 471 (50%). Of the total, 782 (82%) episodes occurred in female patients. Compared with males, episodes in females were three times more likely to involve self-harming behaviour or be considered to pose such a risk (22% and 70% respectively: p < 0.001). Parenteral medication (rapid tranquillisation) was administered twice as often in episodes involving females than in males (64 and 34% respectively: p < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that there are a large number of episodes of acutely disturbed behaviour on psychiatric wards in women with a diagnosis of personality disorder. These episodes are characterised by self-harm and regularly prompt the administration of rapid tranquillisation. This has potential implications for service design, staff training, and research.
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spelling doaj-art-2d936a2b2f4445a08ffadd088dbf03cf2025-08-20T02:47:28ZengCambridge University PressBJPsych Open2056-47242025-09-011110.1192/bjo.2025.10052Rapid tranquillisation for psychiatric in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder: under-recognised issueCarol Paton0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7756-1031Mike J. Crawford1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-5772Matthew Hartley2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-7781Clive E. Adams3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-4020Elena M. Edokpolor Pernia4https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8903-3201Olivia Rendora5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-3426Thomas R. E. Barnes6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2324-656XPrescribing Observatory for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UKDivision of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UKBehavioural & Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UKMental Health Services Research. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UKPrescribing Observatory for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UKPrescribing Observatory for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UKPrescribing Observatory for Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK Background Clinical guidelines for personality disorder emphasise the importance of patients being supported to develop psychological skills to help them manage their symptoms and behaviours. But where these mechanisms fail, and hospital admission occurs, little is known about how episodes of acutely disturbed behaviour are managed. Aims To explore the clinical characteristics and management of episodes of acutely disturbed behaviour requiring medication in in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder. Method Analysis of clinical audit data collected in 2024 by the Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health, as part of a quality improvement programme addressing the pharmacological management of acutely disturbed behaviour. Data were collected from clinical records using a bespoke proforma. Results Sixty-two mental health Trusts submitted data on 951 episodes of acutely disturbed behaviour involving patients with a personality disorder, with this being the sole psychiatric diagnosis in 471 (50%). Of the total, 782 (82%) episodes occurred in female patients. Compared with males, episodes in females were three times more likely to involve self-harming behaviour or be considered to pose such a risk (22% and 70% respectively: p < 0.001). Parenteral medication (rapid tranquillisation) was administered twice as often in episodes involving females than in males (64 and 34% respectively: p < 0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that there are a large number of episodes of acutely disturbed behaviour on psychiatric wards in women with a diagnosis of personality disorder. These episodes are characterised by self-harm and regularly prompt the administration of rapid tranquillisation. This has potential implications for service design, staff training, and research. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056472425100525/type/journal_articlePersonality disorderacutely disturbed behaviourrapid tranquillisationself-harm
spellingShingle Carol Paton
Mike J. Crawford
Matthew Hartley
Clive E. Adams
Elena M. Edokpolor Pernia
Olivia Rendora
Thomas R. E. Barnes
Rapid tranquillisation for psychiatric in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder: under-recognised issue
BJPsych Open
Personality disorder
acutely disturbed behaviour
rapid tranquillisation
self-harm
title Rapid tranquillisation for psychiatric in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder: under-recognised issue
title_full Rapid tranquillisation for psychiatric in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder: under-recognised issue
title_fullStr Rapid tranquillisation for psychiatric in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder: under-recognised issue
title_full_unstemmed Rapid tranquillisation for psychiatric in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder: under-recognised issue
title_short Rapid tranquillisation for psychiatric in-patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder: under-recognised issue
title_sort rapid tranquillisation for psychiatric in patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder under recognised issue
topic Personality disorder
acutely disturbed behaviour
rapid tranquillisation
self-harm
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2056472425100525/type/journal_article
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