When AI gets Personal: Employee emotional responses to anthropomorphic AI agents in a virtual workspace

Understanding how AI influences employee emotions is becoming critical as organizations prepare for widespread AI agent deployment. While existing research has explored human-AI interactions in corporate settings, little is known about how employees emotionally navigate relationships with AI agents...

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Main Authors: Anand P.A. van Zelderen, Sinuo Wu, Gergely Koszo, Jochen I. Menges
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949882125000738
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author Anand P.A. van Zelderen
Sinuo Wu
Gergely Koszo
Jochen I. Menges
author_facet Anand P.A. van Zelderen
Sinuo Wu
Gergely Koszo
Jochen I. Menges
author_sort Anand P.A. van Zelderen
collection DOAJ
description Understanding how AI influences employee emotions is becoming critical as organizations prepare for widespread AI agent deployment. While existing research has explored human-AI interactions in corporate settings, little is known about how employees emotionally navigate relationships with AI agents exhibiting distinct personality traits. This empirical study examines white-collar employees' emotional responses while interacting with three generative AI agents in a virtual workspace, revealing novel social dynamics enabled by AI technologies. Using qualitative methods and inductive analysis, our findings show that anthropomorphic AI agents evoke a broad spectrum of emotions, from connection and contentment to amusement and frustration, extending beyond those typically triggered by web-based AI agents. Notably, participants experienced new emotional subsets, including unique manifestations of relational assurance and perceived worthlessness, which introduces new emotional subcategories within established frameworks.Moreover, the visual embodiment of AI agents in virtual workspaces significantly shapes user expectations and satisfaction. While a more human-like appearance can enhance engagement, it also introduces risks—a mismatch between an AI's visual representation and its actual behavior can heighten disappointment if the AI fails to meet human-like expectations. As organizations integrate AI agents into the workplace, our findings provide key insights for designing effective human-AI interactions. We emphasize the importance of human-centered design approaches that foster, rather than hinder, employee engagement, ensuring AI contributes positively to corporate environments.
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spelling doaj-art-2d906ab1791a49aeb07323d503e4ea972025-08-20T04:03:18ZengElsevierComputers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans2949-88212025-08-01510018910.1016/j.chbah.2025.100189When AI gets Personal: Employee emotional responses to anthropomorphic AI agents in a virtual workspaceAnand P.A. van Zelderen0Sinuo Wu1Gergely Koszo2Jochen I. Menges3University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 14, 8032, Zurich, SwitzerlandUniversity of South-Eastern Norway, Bredalsveien 14, 3511, Hønefoss, Norway; Corresponding author. USN School of Business, Department of Business, Marketing and Law Bredalsveien 14, 3511 Hønefoss, NorwayUniversity of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 14, 8032, Zurich, SwitzerlandUniversity of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 14, 8032, Zurich, SwitzerlandUnderstanding how AI influences employee emotions is becoming critical as organizations prepare for widespread AI agent deployment. While existing research has explored human-AI interactions in corporate settings, little is known about how employees emotionally navigate relationships with AI agents exhibiting distinct personality traits. This empirical study examines white-collar employees' emotional responses while interacting with three generative AI agents in a virtual workspace, revealing novel social dynamics enabled by AI technologies. Using qualitative methods and inductive analysis, our findings show that anthropomorphic AI agents evoke a broad spectrum of emotions, from connection and contentment to amusement and frustration, extending beyond those typically triggered by web-based AI agents. Notably, participants experienced new emotional subsets, including unique manifestations of relational assurance and perceived worthlessness, which introduces new emotional subcategories within established frameworks.Moreover, the visual embodiment of AI agents in virtual workspaces significantly shapes user expectations and satisfaction. While a more human-like appearance can enhance engagement, it also introduces risks—a mismatch between an AI's visual representation and its actual behavior can heighten disappointment if the AI fails to meet human-like expectations. As organizations integrate AI agents into the workplace, our findings provide key insights for designing effective human-AI interactions. We emphasize the importance of human-centered design approaches that foster, rather than hinder, employee engagement, ensuring AI contributes positively to corporate environments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949882125000738Artificial intelligenceAnthropomorphismEmotionsHuman-AI interactionVirtual reality
spellingShingle Anand P.A. van Zelderen
Sinuo Wu
Gergely Koszo
Jochen I. Menges
When AI gets Personal: Employee emotional responses to anthropomorphic AI agents in a virtual workspace
Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans
Artificial intelligence
Anthropomorphism
Emotions
Human-AI interaction
Virtual reality
title When AI gets Personal: Employee emotional responses to anthropomorphic AI agents in a virtual workspace
title_full When AI gets Personal: Employee emotional responses to anthropomorphic AI agents in a virtual workspace
title_fullStr When AI gets Personal: Employee emotional responses to anthropomorphic AI agents in a virtual workspace
title_full_unstemmed When AI gets Personal: Employee emotional responses to anthropomorphic AI agents in a virtual workspace
title_short When AI gets Personal: Employee emotional responses to anthropomorphic AI agents in a virtual workspace
title_sort when ai gets personal employee emotional responses to anthropomorphic ai agents in a virtual workspace
topic Artificial intelligence
Anthropomorphism
Emotions
Human-AI interaction
Virtual reality
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949882125000738
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