Influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds: a survey of staff physicians, residents and medical students

Background In contrast with the technical progress of the stethoscope, lung sound terminology has remained confused, weakening the usefulness of auscultation. We examined how observer preferences regarding terminology and auscultatory skill influenced the choice of terms used to describe lung sounds...

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Main Authors: Abraham Bohadana, Hava Azulai, Amir Jarjoui, George Kalak, Gabriel Izbicki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2020-09-01
Series:BMJ Open Respiratory Research
Online Access:https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000564.full
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author Abraham Bohadana
Hava Azulai
Amir Jarjoui
George Kalak
Gabriel Izbicki
author_facet Abraham Bohadana
Hava Azulai
Amir Jarjoui
George Kalak
Gabriel Izbicki
author_sort Abraham Bohadana
collection DOAJ
description Background In contrast with the technical progress of the stethoscope, lung sound terminology has remained confused, weakening the usefulness of auscultation. We examined how observer preferences regarding terminology and auscultatory skill influenced the choice of terms used to describe lung sounds.Methods Thirty-one staff physicians (SP), 65 residents (R) and 47 medical students (MS) spontaneously described the audio recordings of 5 lung sounds classified acoustically as: (1) normal breath sound; (2) wheezes; (3) crackles; (4) stridor and (5) pleural friction rub. A rating was considered correct if a correct term or synonym was used to describe it (term use ascribed to preference). The use of any incorrect terms was ascribed to deficient auscultatory skill.Results Rates of correct sound identification were: (i) normal breath sound: SP=21.4%; R=11.6%; MS=17.1%; (ii) wheezes: SP=82.8%; R=85.2%; MS=86.4%; (iii) crackles: SP=63%; R=68.5%; MS=70.7%; (iv) stridor: SP=92.8%; R=90%; MS=72.1% and (v) pleural friction rub: SP=35.7%; R=6.2%; MS=3.2%. The 3 groups used 66 descriptive terms: 17 were ascribed to preferences regarding terminology, and 49 to deficient auscultatory skill. Three-group agreement on use of a term occurred on 107 occasions: 70 involved correct terms (65.4%) and 37 (34.6%) incorrect ones. Rate of use of recommended terms, rather than accepted synonyms, was 100% for the wheezes and the stridor, 55% for the normal breath sound, 22% for the crackles and 14% for the pleural friction rub.Conclusions The observers’ ability to describe lung sounds was high for the wheezes and the stridor, fair for the crackles and poor for the normal breath sound and the pleural friction rub. Lack of auscultatory skill largely surpassed observer preference as a factor determining the choice of terminology. Wide dissemination of educational programs on lung auscultation (eg, self-learning via computer-assisted learning tools) is urgently needed to promote use of standardised lung sound terminology.
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spelling doaj-art-2d8f4bbad9f442db8fbccb708faacc342025-08-20T02:32:57ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Respiratory Research2052-44392020-09-017110.1136/bmjresp-2020-000564Influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds: a survey of staff physicians, residents and medical studentsAbraham Bohadana0Hava Azulai1Amir Jarjoui2George Kalak3Gabriel Izbicki4Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelDepartment of Medicine, Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelDepartment of Medicine, Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelDepartment of Medicine, Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelDepartment of Medicine, Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelBackground In contrast with the technical progress of the stethoscope, lung sound terminology has remained confused, weakening the usefulness of auscultation. We examined how observer preferences regarding terminology and auscultatory skill influenced the choice of terms used to describe lung sounds.Methods Thirty-one staff physicians (SP), 65 residents (R) and 47 medical students (MS) spontaneously described the audio recordings of 5 lung sounds classified acoustically as: (1) normal breath sound; (2) wheezes; (3) crackles; (4) stridor and (5) pleural friction rub. A rating was considered correct if a correct term or synonym was used to describe it (term use ascribed to preference). The use of any incorrect terms was ascribed to deficient auscultatory skill.Results Rates of correct sound identification were: (i) normal breath sound: SP=21.4%; R=11.6%; MS=17.1%; (ii) wheezes: SP=82.8%; R=85.2%; MS=86.4%; (iii) crackles: SP=63%; R=68.5%; MS=70.7%; (iv) stridor: SP=92.8%; R=90%; MS=72.1% and (v) pleural friction rub: SP=35.7%; R=6.2%; MS=3.2%. The 3 groups used 66 descriptive terms: 17 were ascribed to preferences regarding terminology, and 49 to deficient auscultatory skill. Three-group agreement on use of a term occurred on 107 occasions: 70 involved correct terms (65.4%) and 37 (34.6%) incorrect ones. Rate of use of recommended terms, rather than accepted synonyms, was 100% for the wheezes and the stridor, 55% for the normal breath sound, 22% for the crackles and 14% for the pleural friction rub.Conclusions The observers’ ability to describe lung sounds was high for the wheezes and the stridor, fair for the crackles and poor for the normal breath sound and the pleural friction rub. Lack of auscultatory skill largely surpassed observer preference as a factor determining the choice of terminology. Wide dissemination of educational programs on lung auscultation (eg, self-learning via computer-assisted learning tools) is urgently needed to promote use of standardised lung sound terminology.https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000564.full
spellingShingle Abraham Bohadana
Hava Azulai
Amir Jarjoui
George Kalak
Gabriel Izbicki
Influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds: a survey of staff physicians, residents and medical students
BMJ Open Respiratory Research
title Influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds: a survey of staff physicians, residents and medical students
title_full Influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds: a survey of staff physicians, residents and medical students
title_fullStr Influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds: a survey of staff physicians, residents and medical students
title_full_unstemmed Influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds: a survey of staff physicians, residents and medical students
title_short Influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds: a survey of staff physicians, residents and medical students
title_sort influence of observer preferences and auscultatory skill on the choice of terms to describe lung sounds a survey of staff physicians residents and medical students
url https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000564.full
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