TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse: new UV reactor design for dye removal

TiO2 nanoparticles were immobilized on mortar spheres and subsequently packed into a tubular reactor equipped with a concentrical submergible UV lamp for photocatalytic decolorization of aniline blue solution. The microstructure and chemical composition of TiO2 layer on the spheres, the efficiency f...

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Main Authors: J. R. Cob-Cantú, K. López-Velázquez, J. G. Ronderos-Lara, E. R. Hoil-Canul, C. Castillo-Quevedo, L. A. Maldonado-López, J. L. Cabellos-Quiroz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Chemistry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1581274/full
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author J. R. Cob-Cantú
K. López-Velázquez
J. G. Ronderos-Lara
E. R. Hoil-Canul
C. Castillo-Quevedo
L. A. Maldonado-López
J. L. Cabellos-Quiroz
author_facet J. R. Cob-Cantú
K. López-Velázquez
J. G. Ronderos-Lara
E. R. Hoil-Canul
C. Castillo-Quevedo
L. A. Maldonado-López
J. L. Cabellos-Quiroz
author_sort J. R. Cob-Cantú
collection DOAJ
description TiO2 nanoparticles were immobilized on mortar spheres and subsequently packed into a tubular reactor equipped with a concentrical submergible UV lamp for photocatalytic decolorization of aniline blue solution. The microstructure and chemical composition of TiO2 layer on the spheres, the efficiency for aniline decolorization, and the durability of the TiO2 coating were studied. In this work, the mean thickness of the TiO2 layer was 4.01 ± 0.55 µm, while the mean mass loading on the substrate was 5.6 ± 0.61 mg/cm2. Then, the photocatalytic reactor showed excellent performance for dye removal, reaching levels between 95%–97% in 150 min under UV light. Moreover, by radical scavenging experiments, h+, O2.-, and ⋅OH were identified as the main reactive species. Even after twenty consecutive cycles, the removal efficiencies were higher than 83% and the decrease of efficiency was related to the partial detachment of the TiO2 layer (mean thickness decreased to 2.17 µm) which was verified by FESEM-EDX and metallographic microscopy. Finally, based on results, it is worth noting that the effective immobilization of TiO2 photocatalyst on the mortar spheres as substrate facilitates catalyst recovery, improves recyclability, and enables continuous water treatment. Therefore, this technology is a promising option for the removal of dyes in water, we even suggest that the proposed photocatalytic reactor could be scaled up for the treatment of effluents from textile industries, contributing to the abatement of water pollution.
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spelling doaj-art-2d8ac30798e94f13a593bee672c835652025-08-20T02:20:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462025-04-011310.3389/fchem.2025.15812741581274TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse: new UV reactor design for dye removalJ. R. Cob-Cantú0K. López-Velázquez1J. G. Ronderos-Lara2E. R. Hoil-Canul3C. Castillo-Quevedo4L. A. Maldonado-López5J. L. Cabellos-Quiroz6Universidad Politécnica de Tapachula, Tapachula, MéxicoSecretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (SECIHTI)-Universidad Politécnica de Tapachula, Tapachula, MéxicoDivisión de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de Mexico, MexicoUniversidad Politécnica de Tapachula, Tapachula, MéxicoDepartamento de Fundamentos del Conocimiento, Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida MéxicoUniversidad Politécnica de Tapachula, Tapachula, MéxicoTiO2 nanoparticles were immobilized on mortar spheres and subsequently packed into a tubular reactor equipped with a concentrical submergible UV lamp for photocatalytic decolorization of aniline blue solution. The microstructure and chemical composition of TiO2 layer on the spheres, the efficiency for aniline decolorization, and the durability of the TiO2 coating were studied. In this work, the mean thickness of the TiO2 layer was 4.01 ± 0.55 µm, while the mean mass loading on the substrate was 5.6 ± 0.61 mg/cm2. Then, the photocatalytic reactor showed excellent performance for dye removal, reaching levels between 95%–97% in 150 min under UV light. Moreover, by radical scavenging experiments, h+, O2.-, and ⋅OH were identified as the main reactive species. Even after twenty consecutive cycles, the removal efficiencies were higher than 83% and the decrease of efficiency was related to the partial detachment of the TiO2 layer (mean thickness decreased to 2.17 µm) which was verified by FESEM-EDX and metallographic microscopy. Finally, based on results, it is worth noting that the effective immobilization of TiO2 photocatalyst on the mortar spheres as substrate facilitates catalyst recovery, improves recyclability, and enables continuous water treatment. Therefore, this technology is a promising option for the removal of dyes in water, we even suggest that the proposed photocatalytic reactor could be scaled up for the treatment of effluents from textile industries, contributing to the abatement of water pollution.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1581274/fullcatalyst recoverydye degradationdurabilityphotocatalysiswater treatment
spellingShingle J. R. Cob-Cantú
K. López-Velázquez
J. G. Ronderos-Lara
E. R. Hoil-Canul
C. Castillo-Quevedo
L. A. Maldonado-López
J. L. Cabellos-Quiroz
TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse: new UV reactor design for dye removal
Frontiers in Chemistry
catalyst recovery
dye degradation
durability
photocatalysis
water treatment
title TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse: new UV reactor design for dye removal
title_full TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse: new UV reactor design for dye removal
title_fullStr TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse: new UV reactor design for dye removal
title_full_unstemmed TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse: new UV reactor design for dye removal
title_short TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse: new UV reactor design for dye removal
title_sort tio2 nanoparticles immobilized on mortar spheres as a strategy for efficient photocatalyst reuse new uv reactor design for dye removal
topic catalyst recovery
dye degradation
durability
photocatalysis
water treatment
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1581274/full
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