Psychometric validation of the Spanish for Ecuador Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) and its application to measure impact on family members of patients with skin diseases

Abstract Background The Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) is a generic tool to measure the impact of health conditions on patients’ family members and partners (FMs). This study aimed to translate, validate, evaluate, and implement FROM-16 in Ecuadorian Spanish and to assess the quality of l...

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Main Authors: Andrea Cueva, Faraz M. Ali, Jeffrey Johns, Andrew Y. Finlay, Sam Salek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-025-00866-5
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author Andrea Cueva
Faraz M. Ali
Jeffrey Johns
Andrew Y. Finlay
Sam Salek
author_facet Andrea Cueva
Faraz M. Ali
Jeffrey Johns
Andrew Y. Finlay
Sam Salek
author_sort Andrea Cueva
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) is a generic tool to measure the impact of health conditions on patients’ family members and partners (FMs). This study aimed to translate, validate, evaluate, and implement FROM-16 in Ecuadorian Spanish and to assess the quality of life (QoL) of FMs of patients with skin diseases. Methods A cross-sectional study of patients and their FMs was performed using FROM-16 and a five-point-Likert scale to evaluate patient´s skin health by the FM and physician. Construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis and item response modelling of FROM-16 were assessed. Results 195 FMs completed Ecuadorian FROM-16. Inter-item correlation was 0.40 and factor analysis confirmed the original two-factor model: Cronbach’s alpha 0.89, with factor loadings of 0.44–0.76. Mean age of patients = 41.8 ± 31.1 years and of FMs = 47.3 ± 7; diseases were classified as inflammatory (n = 88) or non-inflammatory (n = 107). The mean FROM-16 score was 12.5 ± 7 meaning “a moderate effect on QoL;” however, scores of 29.2% (57 of 195) indicated a “very large” (n = 47) or “extremely large” (n = 10) effect. Populations with the highest burden were adult children main carers, not cohabiting with their sick parents (mean FROM-16 = 17 ± 7.7, n = 8, p = 0.05 versus those cohabiting), and FM of patients with inflammatory conditions (mean = 14 ± 6.9, n = 88, p = 0.006 versus those with non-inflammatory dermatoses). Conclusion The FROM-16 is a succinct, well-structured two-domain instrument. It can be used to identify the largely overlooked impact on FMs of dermatology patients. Understanding this impact may contribute to better holistic care, inform physicians’ decisions, and encourage further support for families.
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spelling doaj-art-2d74e7bfddf54d76af0657a69d0dff872025-08-20T02:15:11ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Patient-Reported Outcomes2509-80202025-05-019111310.1186/s41687-025-00866-5Psychometric validation of the Spanish for Ecuador Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) and its application to measure impact on family members of patients with skin diseasesAndrea Cueva0Faraz M. Ali1Jeffrey Johns2Andrew Y. Finlay3Sam Salek4Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, Hospital Carlos Andrade MarinDivision of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityDivision of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityDivision of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff UniversitySchool of Life & Medical Sciences, University of HertfordshireAbstract Background The Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) is a generic tool to measure the impact of health conditions on patients’ family members and partners (FMs). This study aimed to translate, validate, evaluate, and implement FROM-16 in Ecuadorian Spanish and to assess the quality of life (QoL) of FMs of patients with skin diseases. Methods A cross-sectional study of patients and their FMs was performed using FROM-16 and a five-point-Likert scale to evaluate patient´s skin health by the FM and physician. Construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis and item response modelling of FROM-16 were assessed. Results 195 FMs completed Ecuadorian FROM-16. Inter-item correlation was 0.40 and factor analysis confirmed the original two-factor model: Cronbach’s alpha 0.89, with factor loadings of 0.44–0.76. Mean age of patients = 41.8 ± 31.1 years and of FMs = 47.3 ± 7; diseases were classified as inflammatory (n = 88) or non-inflammatory (n = 107). The mean FROM-16 score was 12.5 ± 7 meaning “a moderate effect on QoL;” however, scores of 29.2% (57 of 195) indicated a “very large” (n = 47) or “extremely large” (n = 10) effect. Populations with the highest burden were adult children main carers, not cohabiting with their sick parents (mean FROM-16 = 17 ± 7.7, n = 8, p = 0.05 versus those cohabiting), and FM of patients with inflammatory conditions (mean = 14 ± 6.9, n = 88, p = 0.006 versus those with non-inflammatory dermatoses). Conclusion The FROM-16 is a succinct, well-structured two-domain instrument. It can be used to identify the largely overlooked impact on FMs of dermatology patients. Understanding this impact may contribute to better holistic care, inform physicians’ decisions, and encourage further support for families.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-025-00866-5FROM-16Quality of lifeFamily membersPartnersDermatologyClinical practice
spellingShingle Andrea Cueva
Faraz M. Ali
Jeffrey Johns
Andrew Y. Finlay
Sam Salek
Psychometric validation of the Spanish for Ecuador Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) and its application to measure impact on family members of patients with skin diseases
Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
FROM-16
Quality of life
Family members
Partners
Dermatology
Clinical practice
title Psychometric validation of the Spanish for Ecuador Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) and its application to measure impact on family members of patients with skin diseases
title_full Psychometric validation of the Spanish for Ecuador Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) and its application to measure impact on family members of patients with skin diseases
title_fullStr Psychometric validation of the Spanish for Ecuador Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) and its application to measure impact on family members of patients with skin diseases
title_full_unstemmed Psychometric validation of the Spanish for Ecuador Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) and its application to measure impact on family members of patients with skin diseases
title_short Psychometric validation of the Spanish for Ecuador Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16) and its application to measure impact on family members of patients with skin diseases
title_sort psychometric validation of the spanish for ecuador family reported outcome measure from 16 and its application to measure impact on family members of patients with skin diseases
topic FROM-16
Quality of life
Family members
Partners
Dermatology
Clinical practice
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-025-00866-5
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