Prediction and immune landscape study of potentially key autophagy-related biomarkers in preeclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitus

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia are prevalent pregnancy complications that threaten maternal and infant health while imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. Although several interventions exist, shortcomings in individualized treatment and other limitations neces...

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Main Authors: Qin Wang, Xiaoqi Li, Wen Ye, Lin Lin, Kejun Ye, Mengjia Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1571795/full
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author Qin Wang
Xiaoqi Li
Wen Ye
Lin Lin
Kejun Ye
Mengjia Peng
author_facet Qin Wang
Xiaoqi Li
Wen Ye
Lin Lin
Kejun Ye
Mengjia Peng
author_sort Qin Wang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia are prevalent pregnancy complications that threaten maternal and infant health while imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. Although several interventions exist, shortcomings in individualized treatment and other limitations necessitate urgent in-depth research. This study aimed to examine alterations in autophagy-related gene expression in preeclampsia combined with GDM.MethodsWe conducted bioinformatics analyses including gene expression profiling, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses, machine learning modeling, immune infiltration analyses, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes linked to preeclampsia with GDM were identified. Expression levels of four key genes were validated in placental samples using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).ResultsOur findings identified potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms underlying preeclampsia with GDM. Single-cell analysis corroborated these results, revealing distinct autophagy-related gene signatures and enhancing understanding of the pathophysiology.DiscussionThis study elucidates molecular mechanisms connecting GDM and preeclampsia, identifies novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and provides a valuable reference for future research and clinical applications. The integration of multi-omics approaches advances precision medicine strategies for these comorbid conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-2d6d449284fe4c9c948d3d2bfd9671b22025-08-20T03:28:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-07-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15717951571795Prediction and immune landscape study of potentially key autophagy-related biomarkers in preeclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitusQin Wang0Xiaoqi Li1Wen Ye2Lin Lin3Kejun Ye4Mengjia Peng5Department of Geriatric Integrative, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, ChinaNephrology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, ChinaWenzhou Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Diabetic Complications, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), Rui’an, Zhejiang, ChinaWenzhou Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Diabetic Complications, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), Rui’an, Zhejiang, ChinaWenzhou Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Prevention of Diabetic Complications, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ruian People's Hospital), Rui’an, Zhejiang, ChinaIntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia are prevalent pregnancy complications that threaten maternal and infant health while imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. Although several interventions exist, shortcomings in individualized treatment and other limitations necessitate urgent in-depth research. This study aimed to examine alterations in autophagy-related gene expression in preeclampsia combined with GDM.MethodsWe conducted bioinformatics analyses including gene expression profiling, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses, machine learning modeling, immune infiltration analyses, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes linked to preeclampsia with GDM were identified. Expression levels of four key genes were validated in placental samples using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).ResultsOur findings identified potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms underlying preeclampsia with GDM. Single-cell analysis corroborated these results, revealing distinct autophagy-related gene signatures and enhancing understanding of the pathophysiology.DiscussionThis study elucidates molecular mechanisms connecting GDM and preeclampsia, identifies novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and provides a valuable reference for future research and clinical applications. The integration of multi-omics approaches advances precision medicine strategies for these comorbid conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1571795/fullpreeclampsiagestational diabetes mellitusautophagygene expressionomnibussingle-cell RNA
spellingShingle Qin Wang
Xiaoqi Li
Wen Ye
Lin Lin
Kejun Ye
Mengjia Peng
Prediction and immune landscape study of potentially key autophagy-related biomarkers in preeclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitus
Frontiers in Immunology
preeclampsia
gestational diabetes mellitus
autophagy
gene expression
omnibus
single-cell RNA
title Prediction and immune landscape study of potentially key autophagy-related biomarkers in preeclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitus
title_full Prediction and immune landscape study of potentially key autophagy-related biomarkers in preeclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitus
title_fullStr Prediction and immune landscape study of potentially key autophagy-related biomarkers in preeclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Prediction and immune landscape study of potentially key autophagy-related biomarkers in preeclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitus
title_short Prediction and immune landscape study of potentially key autophagy-related biomarkers in preeclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitus
title_sort prediction and immune landscape study of potentially key autophagy related biomarkers in preeclampsia with gestational diabetes mellitus
topic preeclampsia
gestational diabetes mellitus
autophagy
gene expression
omnibus
single-cell RNA
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1571795/full
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