ESTIMATION OF TOMATO FRUIT FIRMNESS USING DIGITAL IMAGING

ABSTRACT omputer vision systems have proven to be a promising alternative for assessing fruit quality attributes in a non-invasive, instantaneous, and accurate manner. This study aimed to use colorimetric characteristics extracted from digital images to estimate tomato fruit firmness through multiva...

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Main Authors: Anderson G. Costa, Layana A. da Silva, João C. L. de Carvalho, Túlio de A. Machado
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola 2025-08-01
Series:Engenharia Agrícola
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162025000100318&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Anderson G. Costa
Layana A. da Silva
João C. L. de Carvalho
Túlio de A. Machado
author_facet Anderson G. Costa
Layana A. da Silva
João C. L. de Carvalho
Túlio de A. Machado
author_sort Anderson G. Costa
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT omputer vision systems have proven to be a promising alternative for assessing fruit quality attributes in a non-invasive, instantaneous, and accurate manner. This study aimed to use colorimetric characteristics extracted from digital images to estimate tomato fruit firmness through multivariate modeling. Images of 80 tomato fruits at four ripening stages were acquired using two digital cameras, enabling the extraction of average intensity values for the red, green, blue, and near-infrared bands, followed by the calculation of colorimetric indices. Reference firmness values were measured using a digital fruit penetrometer. Colorimetric indices were employed to estimate fruit firmness using principal component regression. Principal component analysis enabled the dimensionality to be reduced to a single principal component (explanatory percentage of the data variance of 97.06%), which was used to generate firmness estimation equations. The application of the model to the validation dataset yielded an R2 = 0.937 and a mean standard error (SE) of 2.05 N, demonstrating that the protocol based on colorimetric characteristics extracted from digital images is suitable for estimating tomato firmness.
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publisher Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola
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spelling doaj-art-2d5981f1735e45d4aa179e00fc8e17e22025-08-20T03:02:32ZengSociedade Brasileira de Engenharia AgrícolaEngenharia Agrícola0100-69162025-08-014510.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v45e20250003/2025ESTIMATION OF TOMATO FRUIT FIRMNESS USING DIGITAL IMAGINGAnderson G. Costahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-8514Layana A. da SilvaJoão C. L. de CarvalhoTúlio de A. MachadoABSTRACT omputer vision systems have proven to be a promising alternative for assessing fruit quality attributes in a non-invasive, instantaneous, and accurate manner. This study aimed to use colorimetric characteristics extracted from digital images to estimate tomato fruit firmness through multivariate modeling. Images of 80 tomato fruits at four ripening stages were acquired using two digital cameras, enabling the extraction of average intensity values for the red, green, blue, and near-infrared bands, followed by the calculation of colorimetric indices. Reference firmness values were measured using a digital fruit penetrometer. Colorimetric indices were employed to estimate fruit firmness using principal component regression. Principal component analysis enabled the dimensionality to be reduced to a single principal component (explanatory percentage of the data variance of 97.06%), which was used to generate firmness estimation equations. The application of the model to the validation dataset yielded an R2 = 0.937 and a mean standard error (SE) of 2.05 N, demonstrating that the protocol based on colorimetric characteristics extracted from digital images is suitable for estimating tomato firmness.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162025000100318&lng=en&tlng=encomputer visioncolorimetric indicestomato productionmultivariate analysis
spellingShingle Anderson G. Costa
Layana A. da Silva
João C. L. de Carvalho
Túlio de A. Machado
ESTIMATION OF TOMATO FRUIT FIRMNESS USING DIGITAL IMAGING
Engenharia Agrícola
computer vision
colorimetric indices
tomato production
multivariate analysis
title ESTIMATION OF TOMATO FRUIT FIRMNESS USING DIGITAL IMAGING
title_full ESTIMATION OF TOMATO FRUIT FIRMNESS USING DIGITAL IMAGING
title_fullStr ESTIMATION OF TOMATO FRUIT FIRMNESS USING DIGITAL IMAGING
title_full_unstemmed ESTIMATION OF TOMATO FRUIT FIRMNESS USING DIGITAL IMAGING
title_short ESTIMATION OF TOMATO FRUIT FIRMNESS USING DIGITAL IMAGING
title_sort estimation of tomato fruit firmness using digital imaging
topic computer vision
colorimetric indices
tomato production
multivariate analysis
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162025000100318&lng=en&tlng=en
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