Sequential Hybrid Beamforming for Radio Stripes

Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems will revolutionize wireless communication by moving away from traditional base stations (BSs). By eliminating conventional cell boundaries, CF mMIMO deploys a large number of distributed access points (APs), enabling seamless conn...

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Main Authors: Joumana JOUMANA, Daniel Castanheira, Adao Silva, Rui Dinis, Atilio Gameiro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11007677/
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author Joumana JOUMANA
Daniel Castanheira
Adao Silva
Rui Dinis
Atilio Gameiro
author_facet Joumana JOUMANA
Daniel Castanheira
Adao Silva
Rui Dinis
Atilio Gameiro
author_sort Joumana JOUMANA
collection DOAJ
description Cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems will revolutionize wireless communication by moving away from traditional base stations (BSs). By eliminating conventional cell boundaries, CF mMIMO deploys a large number of distributed access points (APs), enabling seamless connectivity across a wide area, more flexible resource allocation, and enhanced overall system performance. However, CF demands a significant amount of fronthaul signaling overhead due to its inherent nature (star topologies), which limits its practical application. In this regard, radio stripe (RS) is a promising and cost-efficient approach to deal with these issues, improving system efficiency and scalability. Not only RS, millimeter wave (mmWave) communications also represent a significant advancement in the evolution of wireless communication since it achieves multi-Giga bit per second (Gbps) data transfer rates. Still, mmWave requires beamforming to overcome the high path loss (PL) and shadowing effects. In this paper, we propose a new low-complexity hybrid analog-digital beamforming technique that addresses the challenges posed by wideband mmWave CF mMIMO RS-based systems. The APs hybrid equalizer is optimized, using as a metric, the mean squared error (MSE) between the transmitted and the AP received signals. The optimization is done over the radio stripe, i.e., at each AP, only local and side information from the former AP in the stripe is considered. Simulation results have shown that our proposed sequential hybrid algorithm achieves approximately the same performance as the centralized CF counterpart with a significant reduction in the signaling and information exchange requirements.
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spelling doaj-art-2d57adb924c646ff9a48b7b6969be0082025-08-20T02:34:38ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113904769048810.1109/ACCESS.2025.357177111007677Sequential Hybrid Beamforming for Radio StripesJoumana JOUMANA0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3320-0370Daniel Castanheira1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3858-2574Adao Silva2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-6773Rui Dinis3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7267Atilio Gameiro4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-7921Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações (IT), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações (IT), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicacões (IT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto de Telecomunicações (IT), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalCell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) systems will revolutionize wireless communication by moving away from traditional base stations (BSs). By eliminating conventional cell boundaries, CF mMIMO deploys a large number of distributed access points (APs), enabling seamless connectivity across a wide area, more flexible resource allocation, and enhanced overall system performance. However, CF demands a significant amount of fronthaul signaling overhead due to its inherent nature (star topologies), which limits its practical application. In this regard, radio stripe (RS) is a promising and cost-efficient approach to deal with these issues, improving system efficiency and scalability. Not only RS, millimeter wave (mmWave) communications also represent a significant advancement in the evolution of wireless communication since it achieves multi-Giga bit per second (Gbps) data transfer rates. Still, mmWave requires beamforming to overcome the high path loss (PL) and shadowing effects. In this paper, we propose a new low-complexity hybrid analog-digital beamforming technique that addresses the challenges posed by wideband mmWave CF mMIMO RS-based systems. The APs hybrid equalizer is optimized, using as a metric, the mean squared error (MSE) between the transmitted and the AP received signals. The optimization is done over the radio stripe, i.e., at each AP, only local and side information from the former AP in the stripe is considered. Simulation results have shown that our proposed sequential hybrid algorithm achieves approximately the same performance as the centralized CF counterpart with a significant reduction in the signaling and information exchange requirements.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11007677/Cell-free mMIMOradio stripslinear sequential processingmmWave frequencieshybrid analog-digital beamforming
spellingShingle Joumana JOUMANA
Daniel Castanheira
Adao Silva
Rui Dinis
Atilio Gameiro
Sequential Hybrid Beamforming for Radio Stripes
IEEE Access
Cell-free mMIMO
radio strips
linear sequential processing
mmWave frequencies
hybrid analog-digital beamforming
title Sequential Hybrid Beamforming for Radio Stripes
title_full Sequential Hybrid Beamforming for Radio Stripes
title_fullStr Sequential Hybrid Beamforming for Radio Stripes
title_full_unstemmed Sequential Hybrid Beamforming for Radio Stripes
title_short Sequential Hybrid Beamforming for Radio Stripes
title_sort sequential hybrid beamforming for radio stripes
topic Cell-free mMIMO
radio strips
linear sequential processing
mmWave frequencies
hybrid analog-digital beamforming
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11007677/
work_keys_str_mv AT joumanajoumana sequentialhybridbeamformingforradiostripes
AT danielcastanheira sequentialhybridbeamformingforradiostripes
AT adaosilva sequentialhybridbeamformingforradiostripes
AT ruidinis sequentialhybridbeamformingforradiostripes
AT atiliogameiro sequentialhybridbeamformingforradiostripes