Modeling Sustainable Earned Value Management (EVM) Under Grey Uncertain Conditions

The EVM method is an essential project management technique that compares the work done to the planned values (PVs) to identify project variances. However, the inherent uncertainties and possibilities in the project introduce uncertainty in the input data. Despite this importance, the input data for...

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Main Authors: Lei Fan, Shima Mohseni Nejad, Morteza Bagherpour, Mohammad Reza Feylizadeh, Negar Karimi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/484
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author Lei Fan
Shima Mohseni Nejad
Morteza Bagherpour
Mohammad Reza Feylizadeh
Negar Karimi
author_facet Lei Fan
Shima Mohseni Nejad
Morteza Bagherpour
Mohammad Reza Feylizadeh
Negar Karimi
author_sort Lei Fan
collection DOAJ
description The EVM method is an essential project management technique that compares the work done to the planned values (PVs) to identify project variances. However, the inherent uncertainties and possibilities in the project introduce uncertainty in the input data. Despite this importance, the input data for this method is often considered deterministic in most research, and several researchers have modeled it under fuzzy information. In this research, we developed a novel approach using a combined model of fuzzy numbers and grey numbers called interval grey triangular fuzzy (IGTF) numbers. This model is designed to manage the project’s fuzzy grey value, addressing the two pillars of fuzzy and grey uncertainty. The findings of the study indicate that by combining the grey degree of confidence with the triangular fuzzy number (TFN), the results are closer to the real world and more lenient. Finally, based on the estimation of the actual final cost of the project, managers are encouraged to use certainty in lowering costs concerning the value obtained by using the Z-number for the phases of the project. This research provides practical insights and a new model for managing sustainable project uncertainties using fuzzy and grey theories, offering a potential solution to this challenge.
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publisher MDPI AG
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spelling doaj-art-2d51ea28bba74683b1d5535f99564e412025-08-20T03:27:36ZengMDPI AGSystems2079-89542025-06-0113648410.3390/systems13060484Modeling Sustainable Earned Value Management (EVM) Under Grey Uncertain ConditionsLei Fan0Shima Mohseni Nejad1Morteza Bagherpour2Mohammad Reza Feylizadeh3Negar Karimi4School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, ChinaDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 7188635835, IranDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya 07190, TurkeySchool of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, ChinaDepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 7184877876, IranThe EVM method is an essential project management technique that compares the work done to the planned values (PVs) to identify project variances. However, the inherent uncertainties and possibilities in the project introduce uncertainty in the input data. Despite this importance, the input data for this method is often considered deterministic in most research, and several researchers have modeled it under fuzzy information. In this research, we developed a novel approach using a combined model of fuzzy numbers and grey numbers called interval grey triangular fuzzy (IGTF) numbers. This model is designed to manage the project’s fuzzy grey value, addressing the two pillars of fuzzy and grey uncertainty. The findings of the study indicate that by combining the grey degree of confidence with the triangular fuzzy number (TFN), the results are closer to the real world and more lenient. Finally, based on the estimation of the actual final cost of the project, managers are encouraged to use certainty in lowering costs concerning the value obtained by using the Z-number for the phases of the project. This research provides practical insights and a new model for managing sustainable project uncertainties using fuzzy and grey theories, offering a potential solution to this challenge.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/484value managementuncertaintyfuzzy setsgrey theorycostschedule management
spellingShingle Lei Fan
Shima Mohseni Nejad
Morteza Bagherpour
Mohammad Reza Feylizadeh
Negar Karimi
Modeling Sustainable Earned Value Management (EVM) Under Grey Uncertain Conditions
Systems
value management
uncertainty
fuzzy sets
grey theory
cost
schedule management
title Modeling Sustainable Earned Value Management (EVM) Under Grey Uncertain Conditions
title_full Modeling Sustainable Earned Value Management (EVM) Under Grey Uncertain Conditions
title_fullStr Modeling Sustainable Earned Value Management (EVM) Under Grey Uncertain Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Modeling Sustainable Earned Value Management (EVM) Under Grey Uncertain Conditions
title_short Modeling Sustainable Earned Value Management (EVM) Under Grey Uncertain Conditions
title_sort modeling sustainable earned value management evm under grey uncertain conditions
topic value management
uncertainty
fuzzy sets
grey theory
cost
schedule management
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/6/484
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AT shimamohseninejad modelingsustainableearnedvaluemanagementevmundergreyuncertainconditions
AT mortezabagherpour modelingsustainableearnedvaluemanagementevmundergreyuncertainconditions
AT mohammadrezafeylizadeh modelingsustainableearnedvaluemanagementevmundergreyuncertainconditions
AT negarkarimi modelingsustainableearnedvaluemanagementevmundergreyuncertainconditions