Agroforestry in Ethiopia: Review of its Role in Enhancing Smallholder Agriculture, Environmental Sustainability, and Adoption Challenges

Agroforestry, the integration of trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes, has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia. The review’s overall objective was to examine the impacts of various agroforestry systems on the country’s agricultural productivity,...

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Main Authors: Tesema Habtamu Achenef, Shiferaw Hailie, Getachew Goremsu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sciendo 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Landscape Ecology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2025-0014
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author Tesema Habtamu Achenef
Shiferaw Hailie
Getachew Goremsu
author_facet Tesema Habtamu Achenef
Shiferaw Hailie
Getachew Goremsu
author_sort Tesema Habtamu Achenef
collection DOAJ
description Agroforestry, the integration of trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes, has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia. The review’s overall objective was to examine the impacts of various agroforestry systems on the country’s agricultural productivity, food security, and environmental sustainability. However, synthesized fragmented evidence on adopting agroforestry systems among Ethiopian smallholders remains limited. The review used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate agroforestry’s impact on smallholder agriculture, environmental sustainability, and adoption issues. A total of 89 publications were included in the systematic review, focusing on economic functions (n=40), environmental functions (n=35), and adoption challenges (n=20). Agroforestry is a land management strategy that integrates trees, crops, and livestock to generate food, protect the environment, and provide habitats for wildlife. The findings showed that agroforestry provides environmental functions such as soil fertility improvement, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, and carbon sequestration. Moreover, agroforestry improves the economy of smallholder farmers by providing timber and non-timber products in Ethiopia. The review result indicated that key challenges, including socio-economic barriers, limited resource access, and inadequate extension services, hinder the widespread adoption of agroforestry. The findings emphasize the need for targeted policies and support mechanisms to overcome these challenges and maximize the potential of agroforestry in contributing to sustainable agricultural development in Ethiopia. The review concludes by suggesting pathways to enhance adopting agroforestry systems in Ethiopia, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches combining scientific innovations with local practices to support sustainable agricultural development.
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spelling doaj-art-2d4b8ce9f97f4cc3909c8ac74f924bcd2025-08-20T03:30:04ZengSciendoJournal of Landscape Ecology1805-41962025-09-011828210310.2478/jlecol-2025-0014Agroforestry in Ethiopia: Review of its Role in Enhancing Smallholder Agriculture, Environmental Sustainability, and Adoption ChallengesTesema Habtamu Achenef0Shiferaw Hailie1Getachew Goremsu21Natural Forest and Climate Change Research Directorate, Ethiopian Forestry Development, Dire Dewa Center, P.O. Box 1708, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia2Plantation Research Directorate, Ethiopian Forestry Development, Bahir Dar Center, P.O. Box 2128, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia3Plantation Research Directorate, Ethiopian Forestry Development, Central Ethiopia Center, P.O. Box 30708, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaAgroforestry, the integration of trees and shrubs into agricultural landscapes, has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia. The review’s overall objective was to examine the impacts of various agroforestry systems on the country’s agricultural productivity, food security, and environmental sustainability. However, synthesized fragmented evidence on adopting agroforestry systems among Ethiopian smallholders remains limited. The review used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate agroforestry’s impact on smallholder agriculture, environmental sustainability, and adoption issues. A total of 89 publications were included in the systematic review, focusing on economic functions (n=40), environmental functions (n=35), and adoption challenges (n=20). Agroforestry is a land management strategy that integrates trees, crops, and livestock to generate food, protect the environment, and provide habitats for wildlife. The findings showed that agroforestry provides environmental functions such as soil fertility improvement, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, and carbon sequestration. Moreover, agroforestry improves the economy of smallholder farmers by providing timber and non-timber products in Ethiopia. The review result indicated that key challenges, including socio-economic barriers, limited resource access, and inadequate extension services, hinder the widespread adoption of agroforestry. The findings emphasize the need for targeted policies and support mechanisms to overcome these challenges and maximize the potential of agroforestry in contributing to sustainable agricultural development in Ethiopia. The review concludes by suggesting pathways to enhance adopting agroforestry systems in Ethiopia, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches combining scientific innovations with local practices to support sustainable agricultural development.https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2025-0014agroforestrysmallholder agricultureadoption challengesand sustainable development
spellingShingle Tesema Habtamu Achenef
Shiferaw Hailie
Getachew Goremsu
Agroforestry in Ethiopia: Review of its Role in Enhancing Smallholder Agriculture, Environmental Sustainability, and Adoption Challenges
Journal of Landscape Ecology
agroforestry
smallholder agriculture
adoption challenges
and sustainable development
title Agroforestry in Ethiopia: Review of its Role in Enhancing Smallholder Agriculture, Environmental Sustainability, and Adoption Challenges
title_full Agroforestry in Ethiopia: Review of its Role in Enhancing Smallholder Agriculture, Environmental Sustainability, and Adoption Challenges
title_fullStr Agroforestry in Ethiopia: Review of its Role in Enhancing Smallholder Agriculture, Environmental Sustainability, and Adoption Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Agroforestry in Ethiopia: Review of its Role in Enhancing Smallholder Agriculture, Environmental Sustainability, and Adoption Challenges
title_short Agroforestry in Ethiopia: Review of its Role in Enhancing Smallholder Agriculture, Environmental Sustainability, and Adoption Challenges
title_sort agroforestry in ethiopia review of its role in enhancing smallholder agriculture environmental sustainability and adoption challenges
topic agroforestry
smallholder agriculture
adoption challenges
and sustainable development
url https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2025-0014
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AT shiferawhailie agroforestryinethiopiareviewofitsroleinenhancingsmallholderagricultureenvironmentalsustainabilityandadoptionchallenges
AT getachewgoremsu agroforestryinethiopiareviewofitsroleinenhancingsmallholderagricultureenvironmentalsustainabilityandadoptionchallenges