Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei
Jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN) exhibit variability across a wide range of timescales. Traditionally, this variability can often be modeled well as a stochastic process. However, in certain cases, jetted AGN variability displays regular patterns, enabling us to conduct investigations aimed at un...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada4b3 |
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| author | P. Peñil A. Domínguez S. Buson M. Ajello S. Adhikari A. Rico |
| author_facet | P. Peñil A. Domínguez S. Buson M. Ajello S. Adhikari A. Rico |
| author_sort | P. Peñil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN) exhibit variability across a wide range of timescales. Traditionally, this variability can often be modeled well as a stochastic process. However, in certain cases, jetted AGN variability displays regular patterns, enabling us to conduct investigations aimed at understanding its origins. Additionally, a novel type of variability has emerged in jetted AGN light curves, specifically, the observation of a long-term trend characterized by a linear increase of the flux with time in blazars such as PG 1553+113, which is among the objects most likely to display periodic behavior. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic search for long-term trends, spanning ≈10 yr, utilizing 12 yr of Fermi-LAT observations. The study is focused on detecting the presence of linear or quadratic long-term trends in a sample of 3308 jetted AGN. Our analysis has identified 40 jetted AGN that exhibit long-term trends, each with distinct properties, which we also characterize in this study. These long-term trends may originate from the dynamics of a supermassive black hole binary system, or they could be the result of intrinsic phenomena within the jet itself. Our findings can help in addressing questions pertaining to the astrophysical origins of variability and periodicity within jetted AGN. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-2d408dde0e9f4e8a87bdc635428a1f4d2025-02-03T07:16:57ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198013810.3847/1538-4357/ada4b3Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic NucleiP. Peñil0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-9764A. Domínguez1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-4610S. Buson2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3308-324XM. Ajello3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-1703S. Adhikari4https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1029-1026A. Rico5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-7180Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University , Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA ; ppenil@clemson.edu, majello@clemson.eduIPARCOS and Department of EMFTEL, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , E-28040 Madrid, Spain ; alberto.d@ucm.esJulius-Maximilians-Universität , 97070, Würzburg, Germany ; sara.buson@uni-wuerzburg.deDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University , Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA ; ppenil@clemson.edu, majello@clemson.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University , Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA ; ppenil@clemson.edu, majello@clemson.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University , Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA ; ppenil@clemson.edu, majello@clemson.eduJetted active galactic nuclei (AGN) exhibit variability across a wide range of timescales. Traditionally, this variability can often be modeled well as a stochastic process. However, in certain cases, jetted AGN variability displays regular patterns, enabling us to conduct investigations aimed at understanding its origins. Additionally, a novel type of variability has emerged in jetted AGN light curves, specifically, the observation of a long-term trend characterized by a linear increase of the flux with time in blazars such as PG 1553+113, which is among the objects most likely to display periodic behavior. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic search for long-term trends, spanning ≈10 yr, utilizing 12 yr of Fermi-LAT observations. The study is focused on detecting the presence of linear or quadratic long-term trends in a sample of 3308 jetted AGN. Our analysis has identified 40 jetted AGN that exhibit long-term trends, each with distinct properties, which we also characterize in this study. These long-term trends may originate from the dynamics of a supermassive black hole binary system, or they could be the result of intrinsic phenomena within the jet itself. Our findings can help in addressing questions pertaining to the astrophysical origins of variability and periodicity within jetted AGN.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada4b3BL Lacertae objectsActive galaxiesAstronomy data analysis |
| spellingShingle | P. Peñil A. Domínguez S. Buson M. Ajello S. Adhikari A. Rico Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei The Astrophysical Journal BL Lacertae objects Active galaxies Astronomy data analysis |
| title | Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei |
| title_full | Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei |
| title_fullStr | Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei |
| title_short | Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei |
| title_sort | systematic search for long term trends in fermi lat jetted active galactic nuclei |
| topic | BL Lacertae objects Active galaxies Astronomy data analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada4b3 |
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