Black carbon effects and seasonal isotope records in the Godwin-Austen snowpack and K2 high-altitude camps

This study investigates black carbon (BC) concentrations in the seasonal snowpack on the Godwin-Austen Glacier and in surface snow at K2 Camps 1 and 2 (Karakoram Range), assessing their impact on snowmelt during the 2019 ablation season. Potential BC and moisture sources were identified through back...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nicolás González-Santacruz, Francisco Fernandoy, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Raul R. Cordero, Sarah Feron, Sérgio Henrique Faria
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Glaciology
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143024001114/type/journal_article
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Summary:This study investigates black carbon (BC) concentrations in the seasonal snowpack on the Godwin-Austen Glacier and in surface snow at K2 Camps 1 and 2 (Karakoram Range), assessing their impact on snowmelt during the 2019 ablation season. Potential BC and moisture sources were identified through back-trajectory analysis and atmospheric reanalyses. Variations in water stable isotopes (δ1⁸O and δ2H) in the snowpack were analysed to confirm its representativeness as a climatic record for the 2018–19 accumulation season. The average BC concentration in the snow pits (12 ng g−1) generated 66 mm w.e. (or 53 mm w.e. excluding the basal zone) of meltwater. Surface snow at K2 Camp 1 showed BC concentrations of 7 ng g−1, consistent with those on the snowpack surface, suggesting it may reflect local BC levels in late February 2019. In contrast, higher concentrations at K2 Camp 2 (26 ng g−1) were potentially linked to expedition activities.
ISSN:0022-1430
1727-5652