Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays
Single-layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler matrices (BMs) that operate in the L and S bands are implemented in this paper. Easy-to-fabricate microstrip layout topologies are designed and constructed; the final arrangement of the BMs allows realization without any crossovers. The performance of the networks...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1645281 |
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| author | George A. Adamidis Ioannis O. Vardiambasis Melina P. Ioannidou Theodoros N. Kapetanakis |
| author_facet | George A. Adamidis Ioannis O. Vardiambasis Melina P. Ioannidou Theodoros N. Kapetanakis |
| author_sort | George A. Adamidis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Single-layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler matrices (BMs) that operate in the L and S bands are implemented in this paper. Easy-to-fabricate microstrip layout topologies are designed and constructed; the final arrangement of the BMs allows realization without any crossovers. The performance of the networks is evaluated by measuring their frequency response. The return loss (RL) and the isolation are below -15 dB over the operation bandwidth for all structures, whereas the average insertion loss is less than 1 dB for the 4 × 4 BM and does not exceed 3 dB for the 8 × 8 BM. The amplitude imbalance is at most 0.5 dB and 1.5 dB, for the 4 × 4 and the 8 × 8 BMs, respectively. Moreover, multibeam antenna arrays fed by the BMs are constructed. The radiation patterns are measured and compared with theoretical data; a good agreement is achieved. The side lobes are sufficiently low, compared to the theoretical predictions, whereas they are further reduced by applying appropriate excitation schemes to the input ports of the BMs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2d29710fc306402981d4cc2aede0106c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-5869 1687-5877 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| spelling | doaj-art-2d29710fc306402981d4cc2aede0106c2025-02-03T01:25:35ZengWileyInternational Journal of Antennas and Propagation1687-58691687-58772019-01-01201910.1155/2019/16452811645281Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna ArraysGeorge A. Adamidis0Ioannis O. Vardiambasis1Melina P. Ioannidou2Theodoros N. Kapetanakis3Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, GR-73133 Chania, Crete, GreeceDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, GR-73133 Chania, Crete, GreeceDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, GR-73133 Chania, Crete, GreeceSingle-layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler matrices (BMs) that operate in the L and S bands are implemented in this paper. Easy-to-fabricate microstrip layout topologies are designed and constructed; the final arrangement of the BMs allows realization without any crossovers. The performance of the networks is evaluated by measuring their frequency response. The return loss (RL) and the isolation are below -15 dB over the operation bandwidth for all structures, whereas the average insertion loss is less than 1 dB for the 4 × 4 BM and does not exceed 3 dB for the 8 × 8 BM. The amplitude imbalance is at most 0.5 dB and 1.5 dB, for the 4 × 4 and the 8 × 8 BMs, respectively. Moreover, multibeam antenna arrays fed by the BMs are constructed. The radiation patterns are measured and compared with theoretical data; a good agreement is achieved. The side lobes are sufficiently low, compared to the theoretical predictions, whereas they are further reduced by applying appropriate excitation schemes to the input ports of the BMs.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1645281 |
| spellingShingle | George A. Adamidis Ioannis O. Vardiambasis Melina P. Ioannidou Theodoros N. Kapetanakis Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| title | Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays |
| title_full | Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays |
| title_fullStr | Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays |
| title_short | Design and Implementation of Single-Layer 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 Butler Matrices for Multibeam Antenna Arrays |
| title_sort | design and implementation of single layer 4 4 and 8 8 butler matrices for multibeam antenna arrays |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1645281 |
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