The Silent Danger: A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Aortocaval Fistula Discovered During Routine Imaging

Background: Aortocaval fistulas resulting from abdominal aortic aneurysms are rare, representing 3–6% of ruptured cases. These fistulas are often asymptomatic or present with non-specific symptoms related to venous hypertension or high-output cardiac failure. Fortuitous diagnoses in asymptomatic...

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Main Authors: Thomas Saliba, David Rotzinger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SJORANM GmbH (Ltd.) 2025-01-01
Series:Swiss Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
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Online Access:https://sjoranm.com/sjoranm/article/view/52
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author Thomas Saliba
David Rotzinger
author_facet Thomas Saliba
David Rotzinger
author_sort Thomas Saliba
collection DOAJ
description Background: Aortocaval fistulas resulting from abdominal aortic aneurysms are rare, representing 3–6% of ruptured cases. These fistulas are often asymptomatic or present with non-specific symptoms related to venous hypertension or high-output cardiac failure. Fortuitous diagnoses in asymptomatic patients are exceedingly uncommon. Case Presentation: An 86-year-old woman underwent CT angiography to evaluate left leg circulatory issues. Imaging revealed an aortic aneurysm with a fistula into the inferior vena cava, an enlarged right atrium, and pelvic vein varices. The asymptomatic fistula was treated with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Postoperatively, the patient developed superior mesenteric artery occlusion and intestinal ischemia, leading to palliative care and death. Discussion: Aortocaval fistulas can result from a variety of causes including infection and trauma. Diagnosis is typically achieved through CT angiography. While open surgical repair remains the standard treatment, EVAR is a viable alternative in selected cases. However, the prognosis remains guarded, even with appropriate treatment. Conclusion: Aortocaval fistulas are rare and life-threatening conditions that require prompt diagnosis and management, though outcomes are often poor.
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spelling doaj-art-2d275edf45be43349d918d03e886a0302025-08-20T03:13:13ZengSJORANM GmbH (Ltd.)Swiss Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine2813-72212025-01-0115110.59667/sjoranm.v15i1.14The Silent Danger: A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Aortocaval Fistula Discovered During Routine ImagingThomas Saliba0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6989-9577David Rotzinger1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-3180CHUV, Service de Radiodiagnostic et Radiologie Interventionnelle, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Suisse CHUV, Service de Radiodiagnostic et Radiologie Interventionnelle, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Vaud, Suisse Background: Aortocaval fistulas resulting from abdominal aortic aneurysms are rare, representing 3–6% of ruptured cases. These fistulas are often asymptomatic or present with non-specific symptoms related to venous hypertension or high-output cardiac failure. Fortuitous diagnoses in asymptomatic patients are exceedingly uncommon. Case Presentation: An 86-year-old woman underwent CT angiography to evaluate left leg circulatory issues. Imaging revealed an aortic aneurysm with a fistula into the inferior vena cava, an enlarged right atrium, and pelvic vein varices. The asymptomatic fistula was treated with endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Postoperatively, the patient developed superior mesenteric artery occlusion and intestinal ischemia, leading to palliative care and death. Discussion: Aortocaval fistulas can result from a variety of causes including infection and trauma. Diagnosis is typically achieved through CT angiography. While open surgical repair remains the standard treatment, EVAR is a viable alternative in selected cases. However, the prognosis remains guarded, even with appropriate treatment. Conclusion: Aortocaval fistulas are rare and life-threatening conditions that require prompt diagnosis and management, though outcomes are often poor. https://sjoranm.com/sjoranm/article/view/52EVARasymptomaticAAAaortocaval fistulacomplication
spellingShingle Thomas Saliba
David Rotzinger
The Silent Danger: A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Aortocaval Fistula Discovered During Routine Imaging
Swiss Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
EVAR
asymptomatic
AAA
aortocaval fistula
complication
title The Silent Danger: A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Aortocaval Fistula Discovered During Routine Imaging
title_full The Silent Danger: A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Aortocaval Fistula Discovered During Routine Imaging
title_fullStr The Silent Danger: A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Aortocaval Fistula Discovered During Routine Imaging
title_full_unstemmed The Silent Danger: A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Aortocaval Fistula Discovered During Routine Imaging
title_short The Silent Danger: A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Aortocaval Fistula Discovered During Routine Imaging
title_sort silent danger a rare case of asymptomatic aortocaval fistula discovered during routine imaging
topic EVAR
asymptomatic
AAA
aortocaval fistula
complication
url https://sjoranm.com/sjoranm/article/view/52
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