Long-term water immersion of dental composites based on bioactive glass

Abstract This study investigated the effect of copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) on water sorption, solubility and porosity of an experimental dental composite over 180 days of water immersion, comparing it to bioactive glass 45S5 (BG) or inert fillers. Composites contain...

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Main Authors: Petra Gajski, Matej Par, Håvard J. Haugen, Torben Hildebrand, Kai Zheng, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Zrinka Tarle, Danijela Marovic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04143-9
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author Petra Gajski
Matej Par
Håvard J. Haugen
Torben Hildebrand
Kai Zheng
Aldo R. Boccaccini
Zrinka Tarle
Danijela Marovic
author_facet Petra Gajski
Matej Par
Håvard J. Haugen
Torben Hildebrand
Kai Zheng
Aldo R. Boccaccini
Zrinka Tarle
Danijela Marovic
author_sort Petra Gajski
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigated the effect of copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) on water sorption, solubility and porosity of an experimental dental composite over 180 days of water immersion, comparing it to bioactive glass 45S5 (BG) or inert fillers. Composites contained 35wt% Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin (60/40), 55wt% silanised barium-glass fillers, and 10wt% of either Cu-MBGN (10-CuBG), 45S5 bioactive glass (10-BG), or inert silica nanofillers (10-Si). Both BG composites showed a higher mass increase during water immersion than inert control (10-Si) at all measured time points (p < 0.001), ranked as 10-BG > 10-CuBG > 10-Si. After 30 days, 10-BG had the greatest mass increase (4.02 ± 0.21%), followed by a decline until 180 days, while 10-CuBG (1.67 ± 0.10%) and 10-Si (1.19 ± 0.07%) showed gradual mass increases until the end of the measurement. 10-BG displayed higher water sorption and solubility than other materials, while 10-CuBG had the highest porosity parameters. While 10-BG and 10-Si showed significant increases in both total and open porosity after water immersion, no such changes were observed for 10-CuBG. The pore characteristics of dry specimens did not affect final water sorption and solubility after 180 days of water immersion. The Cu-MBGN composite had a lower mass increase than commercial BG and met ISO 4049 standards for both water sorption and solubility.
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spelling doaj-art-2d25b9799cc94d2fbedbaedd219d83a02025-08-20T02:03:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-04143-9Long-term water immersion of dental composites based on bioactive glassPetra Gajski0Matej Par1Håvard J. Haugen2Torben Hildebrand3Kai Zheng4Aldo R. Boccaccini5Zrinka Tarle6Danijela Marovic7University of Zagreb School of Dental MedicineDepartment of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental MedicineDepartment of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloDepartment of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloEngineering Research Centre of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-NurembergDepartment of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental MedicineDepartment of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental MedicineAbstract This study investigated the effect of copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) on water sorption, solubility and porosity of an experimental dental composite over 180 days of water immersion, comparing it to bioactive glass 45S5 (BG) or inert fillers. Composites contained 35wt% Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin (60/40), 55wt% silanised barium-glass fillers, and 10wt% of either Cu-MBGN (10-CuBG), 45S5 bioactive glass (10-BG), or inert silica nanofillers (10-Si). Both BG composites showed a higher mass increase during water immersion than inert control (10-Si) at all measured time points (p < 0.001), ranked as 10-BG > 10-CuBG > 10-Si. After 30 days, 10-BG had the greatest mass increase (4.02 ± 0.21%), followed by a decline until 180 days, while 10-CuBG (1.67 ± 0.10%) and 10-Si (1.19 ± 0.07%) showed gradual mass increases until the end of the measurement. 10-BG displayed higher water sorption and solubility than other materials, while 10-CuBG had the highest porosity parameters. While 10-BG and 10-Si showed significant increases in both total and open porosity after water immersion, no such changes were observed for 10-CuBG. The pore characteristics of dry specimens did not affect final water sorption and solubility after 180 days of water immersion. The Cu-MBGN composite had a lower mass increase than commercial BG and met ISO 4049 standards for both water sorption and solubility.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04143-9Bioactive glassExperimental resin compositesWater sorptionSolubilityPorosityDental materials
spellingShingle Petra Gajski
Matej Par
Håvard J. Haugen
Torben Hildebrand
Kai Zheng
Aldo R. Boccaccini
Zrinka Tarle
Danijela Marovic
Long-term water immersion of dental composites based on bioactive glass
Scientific Reports
Bioactive glass
Experimental resin composites
Water sorption
Solubility
Porosity
Dental materials
title Long-term water immersion of dental composites based on bioactive glass
title_full Long-term water immersion of dental composites based on bioactive glass
title_fullStr Long-term water immersion of dental composites based on bioactive glass
title_full_unstemmed Long-term water immersion of dental composites based on bioactive glass
title_short Long-term water immersion of dental composites based on bioactive glass
title_sort long term water immersion of dental composites based on bioactive glass
topic Bioactive glass
Experimental resin composites
Water sorption
Solubility
Porosity
Dental materials
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04143-9
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