JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 b
We present the first broadband near- to mid-infrared (3–12 μ m) transmission spectrum of the highly irradiated ( T _eq = 981 K) M-dwarf rocky planet L 168-9 b (TOI-134 b) observed with the Near-infrared Spectrograph and Mid-infrared Instrument (MIRI) instruments aboard JWST. We measure the near-infr...
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| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astronomical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad8eb5 |
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| author | Munazza K. Alam Peter Gao Jea Adams Redai Nicole L. Wallack Nicholas F. Wogan Artyom Aguichine Anne Dattilo Lili Alderson Natasha E. Batalha Natalie M. Batalha James Kirk Mercedes López-Morales Annabella Meech Sarah E. Moran Johanna Teske Hannah R. Wakeford Angie Wolfgang |
| author_facet | Munazza K. Alam Peter Gao Jea Adams Redai Nicole L. Wallack Nicholas F. Wogan Artyom Aguichine Anne Dattilo Lili Alderson Natasha E. Batalha Natalie M. Batalha James Kirk Mercedes López-Morales Annabella Meech Sarah E. Moran Johanna Teske Hannah R. Wakeford Angie Wolfgang |
| author_sort | Munazza K. Alam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present the first broadband near- to mid-infrared (3–12 μ m) transmission spectrum of the highly irradiated ( T _eq = 981 K) M-dwarf rocky planet L 168-9 b (TOI-134 b) observed with the Near-infrared Spectrograph and Mid-infrared Instrument (MIRI) instruments aboard JWST. We measure the near-infrared transit depths to a combined median precision of 20 ppm across the three visits in 54 spectroscopic channels with uniform widths of 60 pixels (∼0.2 μ m wide; R ∼ 100), and the mid-infrared transit depths to 61 ppm median precision in 48 wavelength bins (∼0.15 μ m wide; R ∼ 50). We compare the transmission spectrum of L 168-9 b to a grid of 1D thermochemical equilibrium forward models, and rule out atmospheric metallicities of less than 100× solar (mean molecular weights <4 g mol ^−1 ) to 3 σ confidence assuming high surface pressure (>1 bar), cloudless atmospheres. Based on photoevaporation models for L 168-9 b with initial atmospheric mass fractions ranging from 2% to 100%, we find that this planet could not have retained a primordial H/He atmosphere beyond the first 200 Myr of its lifetime. Follow-up MIRI eclipse observations at 15 μ m could make it possible to confidently identify a CO _2 -dominated atmosphere on this planet if one exists. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2d228c9b5be3440b876f477cedaa3ba7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-2d228c9b5be3440b876f477cedaa3ba72025-08-20T01:54:50ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812024-01-0116911510.3847/1538-3881/ad8eb5JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 bMunazza K. Alam0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-832XPeter Gao1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8518-9601Jea Adams Redai2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4489-3168Nicole L. Wallack3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-0187Nicholas F. Wogan4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0413-3308Artyom Aguichine5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-5956Anne Dattilo6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1092-2995Lili Alderson7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-7751Natasha E. Batalha8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-6844Natalie M. Batalha9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7030-9519James Kirk10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4207-6615Mercedes López-Morales11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-8183Annabella Meech12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7500-7173Sarah E. Moran13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6721-3284Johanna Teske14https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2801-5040Hannah R. Wakeford15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-3867Angie Wolfgang16https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-6278Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; malam@stsci.edu; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USASpace Science Division , NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USASchool of Physics, University of Bristol , HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UKNASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USADepartment of Physics, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UKSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; malam@stsci.edu; Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona , Tuscon, AZ, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA; The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USASchool of Physics, University of Bristol , HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UKEureka Scientific Inc. , 2452 Delmer Street Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602-3017, USAWe present the first broadband near- to mid-infrared (3–12 μ m) transmission spectrum of the highly irradiated ( T _eq = 981 K) M-dwarf rocky planet L 168-9 b (TOI-134 b) observed with the Near-infrared Spectrograph and Mid-infrared Instrument (MIRI) instruments aboard JWST. We measure the near-infrared transit depths to a combined median precision of 20 ppm across the three visits in 54 spectroscopic channels with uniform widths of 60 pixels (∼0.2 μ m wide; R ∼ 100), and the mid-infrared transit depths to 61 ppm median precision in 48 wavelength bins (∼0.15 μ m wide; R ∼ 50). We compare the transmission spectrum of L 168-9 b to a grid of 1D thermochemical equilibrium forward models, and rule out atmospheric metallicities of less than 100× solar (mean molecular weights <4 g mol ^−1 ) to 3 σ confidence assuming high surface pressure (>1 bar), cloudless atmospheres. Based on photoevaporation models for L 168-9 b with initial atmospheric mass fractions ranging from 2% to 100%, we find that this planet could not have retained a primordial H/He atmosphere beyond the first 200 Myr of its lifetime. Follow-up MIRI eclipse observations at 15 μ m could make it possible to confidently identify a CO _2 -dominated atmosphere on this planet if one exists.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad8eb5Exoplanet atmospheric compositionExoplanet atmospheresExoplanetsInfrared spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Munazza K. Alam Peter Gao Jea Adams Redai Nicole L. Wallack Nicholas F. Wogan Artyom Aguichine Anne Dattilo Lili Alderson Natasha E. Batalha Natalie M. Batalha James Kirk Mercedes López-Morales Annabella Meech Sarah E. Moran Johanna Teske Hannah R. Wakeford Angie Wolfgang JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 b The Astronomical Journal Exoplanet atmospheric composition Exoplanet atmospheres Exoplanets Infrared spectroscopy |
| title | JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 b |
| title_full | JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 b |
| title_fullStr | JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 b |
| title_full_unstemmed | JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 b |
| title_short | JWST COMPASS: The First Near- to Mid-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Super-Earth L 168-9 b |
| title_sort | jwst compass the first near to mid infrared transmission spectrum of the hot super earth l 168 9 b |
| topic | Exoplanet atmospheric composition Exoplanet atmospheres Exoplanets Infrared spectroscopy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad8eb5 |
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