Early Detection of Voltage Instability: A Transparent, Rule-Based Method for Cyber-Resilient Grids

This paper proposes a rule-based algorithm for fast prediction of long-term voltage stability status immediately after a disturbance, eliminating the need for post-disturbance measurements. Unlike traditional Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) dependent methods vulnerable to cyber threats like data spoof...

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Main Authors: Mahtab Khalilifar, Seyed Mohammad Shahrtash
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11121844/
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author Mahtab Khalilifar
Seyed Mohammad Shahrtash
author_facet Mahtab Khalilifar
Seyed Mohammad Shahrtash
author_sort Mahtab Khalilifar
collection DOAJ
description This paper proposes a rule-based algorithm for fast prediction of long-term voltage stability status immediately after a disturbance, eliminating the need for post-disturbance measurements. Unlike traditional Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) dependent methods vulnerable to cyber threats like data spoofing, the proposed approach uses PMU data only for initial system updates. It first validates measurements against the last trusted system state using consistency checks, corrects any discrepancies, and then bases stability decisions on inherent characteristics—power flow convergence and generator reactive power margins—ensuring cyber-resilient operation. The method’s rule-based logic ensures intrinsic immunity to cybersecurity risks while maintaining compatibility with both large and small disturbances triggering long-term voltage instability. Optimized for real-time operation, the simulation-based algorithm meets stringent computational speed requirements for online stability assessment. Comprehensive simulations on IEEE test systems under N-1/N-2 contingencies and load disturbances demonstrate three key advantages: 1) Early and accurate voltage stability prediction (96.8% detection accuracy), 2) Reliable identification of critical generators/loads contributing to instability, and 3) Cyber-resilient operation verified through adversarial test cases. The results establish the method as a transparent, infrastructure-independent solution for grid stability monitoring, particularly valuable for cybersecurity-sensitive environments.
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spelling doaj-art-2d137b1406b74ee2a4ca737657c1cf1c2025-08-20T04:03:18ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011314226214227310.1109/ACCESS.2025.359755511121844Early Detection of Voltage Instability: A Transparent, Rule-Based Method for Cyber-Resilient GridsMahtab Khalilifar0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2397-2350Seyed Mohammad Shahrtash1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-5416Center of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, IranCenter of Excellence for Power System Automation and Operation, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, IranThis paper proposes a rule-based algorithm for fast prediction of long-term voltage stability status immediately after a disturbance, eliminating the need for post-disturbance measurements. Unlike traditional Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) dependent methods vulnerable to cyber threats like data spoofing, the proposed approach uses PMU data only for initial system updates. It first validates measurements against the last trusted system state using consistency checks, corrects any discrepancies, and then bases stability decisions on inherent characteristics—power flow convergence and generator reactive power margins—ensuring cyber-resilient operation. The method’s rule-based logic ensures intrinsic immunity to cybersecurity risks while maintaining compatibility with both large and small disturbances triggering long-term voltage instability. Optimized for real-time operation, the simulation-based algorithm meets stringent computational speed requirements for online stability assessment. Comprehensive simulations on IEEE test systems under N-1/N-2 contingencies and load disturbances demonstrate three key advantages: 1) Early and accurate voltage stability prediction (96.8% detection accuracy), 2) Reliable identification of critical generators/loads contributing to instability, and 3) Cyber-resilient operation verified through adversarial test cases. The results establish the method as a transparent, infrastructure-independent solution for grid stability monitoring, particularly valuable for cybersecurity-sensitive environments.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11121844/Voltage stability assessmentrule based algorithmunlimited power flowcybersecurity
spellingShingle Mahtab Khalilifar
Seyed Mohammad Shahrtash
Early Detection of Voltage Instability: A Transparent, Rule-Based Method for Cyber-Resilient Grids
IEEE Access
Voltage stability assessment
rule based algorithm
unlimited power flow
cybersecurity
title Early Detection of Voltage Instability: A Transparent, Rule-Based Method for Cyber-Resilient Grids
title_full Early Detection of Voltage Instability: A Transparent, Rule-Based Method for Cyber-Resilient Grids
title_fullStr Early Detection of Voltage Instability: A Transparent, Rule-Based Method for Cyber-Resilient Grids
title_full_unstemmed Early Detection of Voltage Instability: A Transparent, Rule-Based Method for Cyber-Resilient Grids
title_short Early Detection of Voltage Instability: A Transparent, Rule-Based Method for Cyber-Resilient Grids
title_sort early detection of voltage instability a transparent rule based method for cyber resilient grids
topic Voltage stability assessment
rule based algorithm
unlimited power flow
cybersecurity
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11121844/
work_keys_str_mv AT mahtabkhalilifar earlydetectionofvoltageinstabilityatransparentrulebasedmethodforcyberresilientgrids
AT seyedmohammadshahrtash earlydetectionofvoltageinstabilityatransparentrulebasedmethodforcyberresilientgrids