Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia
The impact of different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality rates have been studied extensively around the world; however, there is a dearth of data on the impact of different clinical and sociodemographic variables on the COVID-19-related ou...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016421001195 |
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| author | Amer S. Alali Abdulaziz O. Alshehri Ahmed Assiri Shahd Khan Munirah A. Alkathiri Omar A. Almohammed Waleed Badoghaish Saeed M. AlQahtani Musaad A. Alshammari Mohamed Mohany Faisal F. Alamri Yazed AlRuthia Faleh Alqahtani |
| author_facet | Amer S. Alali Abdulaziz O. Alshehri Ahmed Assiri Shahd Khan Munirah A. Alkathiri Omar A. Almohammed Waleed Badoghaish Saeed M. AlQahtani Musaad A. Alshammari Mohamed Mohany Faisal F. Alamri Yazed AlRuthia Faleh Alqahtani |
| author_sort | Amer S. Alali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The impact of different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality rates have been studied extensively around the world; however, there is a dearth of data on the impact of different clinical and sociodemographic variables on the COVID-19-related outcomes in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to identify those at high risk of worse clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization and longer length of stay (LOS) among young and middle-aged adults (18 to 55 years). In this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, 706 patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection were interviewed. Patients’ demographic characteristics, dietary habits, medical history, and lifestyle choices were collected through phone interviews. Patients with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, reported a higher rate of hospitalization, ICU admission, oxygen-support needs, and a longer period of recovery and LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that diabetes, hypertension, and pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization and longer LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that symptoms of breathlessness, loss of smell and/or taste, diarrhea, and cough were associated with a longer recovery period. Similarly, breathlessness, vomiting, and diarrhea were associated with higher rates of hospitalization. The findings of this study confirm the similarity of the factors associated with worse clinical outcomes across the world. Future studies should use more robust designs to investigate the impact of different therapies on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2d0f27f6edca47bf83040d9d019d8d10 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1319-0164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-2d0f27f6edca47bf83040d9d019d8d102025-08-20T03:55:12ZengSpringerSaudi Pharmaceutical Journal1319-01642021-08-0129883384210.1016/j.jsps.2021.06.005Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi ArabiaAmer S. Alali0Abdulaziz O. Alshehri1Ahmed Assiri2Shahd Khan3Munirah A. Alkathiri4Omar A. Almohammed5Waleed Badoghaish6Saeed M. AlQahtani7Musaad A. Alshammari8Mohamed Mohany9Faisal F. Alamri10Yazed AlRuthia11Faleh Alqahtani12Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaGeneral Directorate of Clinical Excellence, Assistant Deputy of Planning and Organizational Excellence, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBasic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions (KSAU-HS), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding authors at: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F. Alqahtani); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y. AlRuthia).Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding authors at: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (F. Alqahtani); Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y. AlRuthia).The impact of different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality rates have been studied extensively around the world; however, there is a dearth of data on the impact of different clinical and sociodemographic variables on the COVID-19-related outcomes in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to identify those at high risk of worse clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization and longer length of stay (LOS) among young and middle-aged adults (18 to 55 years). In this questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, 706 patients with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection were interviewed. Patients’ demographic characteristics, dietary habits, medical history, and lifestyle choices were collected through phone interviews. Patients with chronic health conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension, reported a higher rate of hospitalization, ICU admission, oxygen-support needs, and a longer period of recovery and LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that diabetes, hypertension, and pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization and longer LOS. Multiple logistic regression showed that symptoms of breathlessness, loss of smell and/or taste, diarrhea, and cough were associated with a longer recovery period. Similarly, breathlessness, vomiting, and diarrhea were associated with higher rates of hospitalization. The findings of this study confirm the similarity of the factors associated with worse clinical outcomes across the world. Future studies should use more robust designs to investigate the impact of different therapies on the COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016421001195COVID-19CoronavirusSARS-CoV-2HypertensionDiabetesSaudi Arabia |
| spellingShingle | Amer S. Alali Abdulaziz O. Alshehri Ahmed Assiri Shahd Khan Munirah A. Alkathiri Omar A. Almohammed Waleed Badoghaish Saeed M. AlQahtani Musaad A. Alshammari Mohamed Mohany Faisal F. Alamri Yazed AlRuthia Faleh Alqahtani Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal COVID-19 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Hypertension Diabetes Saudi Arabia |
| title | Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes among young and middle-aged COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | demographics comorbidities and outcomes among young and middle aged covid 19 patients in saudi arabia |
| topic | COVID-19 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Hypertension Diabetes Saudi Arabia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016421001195 |
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