Integrative multi-omics reveals a regulatory and exhausted T-cell landscape in CLL and identifies galectin-9 as an immunotherapy target

Abstract T-cell exhaustion contributes to immunotherapy failure in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we analyze T cells from CLL patients’ blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, as well as from a CLL mouse model, using single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, and tissue imaging. T cells in...

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Main Authors: L. Llaó-Cid, JKL Wong, I. Fernandez Botana, Y. Paul, M. Wierz, L-M Pilger, A. Floerchinger, CL Tan, S. Gonder, G. Pagano, M. Chazotte, K. Bestak, C. Schifflers, M. Iskar, T. Roider, F. Czernilofsky, P-M Bruch, JP Mallm, A. Cosma, DE Campton, E. Gerhard-Hartmann, A. Rosenwald, D. Colomer, E. Campo, D. Schapiro, EW Green, S. Dietrich, P. Lichter, E. Moussay, J. Paggetti, M. Zapatka, M. Seiffert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61822-x
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Summary:Abstract T-cell exhaustion contributes to immunotherapy failure in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we analyze T cells from CLL patients’ blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, as well as from a CLL mouse model, using single-cell RNA sequencing, mass cytometry, and tissue imaging. T cells in CLL lymph nodes show the most distinct profiles, with accumulation of regulatory T cells and CD8+ T cells in various exhaustion states, including precursor (TPEX) and terminally exhausted (TEX) cells. Integration of T-cell receptor sequencing data and use of the predicTCR classifier suggest an enrichment of CLL-reactive T cells in lymph nodes. Interactome studies reveal potential immunotherapy targets, notably galectin-9, a TIM3 ligand. Inhibiting galectin-9 in mice reduces disease progression and TIM3+ T cells. Galectin-9 expression also correlates with worse survival in CLL and other cancers, suggesting its role in immune evasion and potential as a therapeutic target.
ISSN:2041-1723