Immunocytochemical examination of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 for endometrial carcinoma through thin-layer endometrial cytology

ObjectiveThis study aimed to detect the expression of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 in differing endometrial tissue/cells, together with assessment of such molecular markers for improving accuracy within endometrial cytology screening for endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsOverall, 92 hysteroscopy cases were inc...

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Main Authors: Ke Ma, Xi Yang, Zihui Yang, Yiting Meng, Jia Wen, Rui Chen, Jianghui Yang, Qinping Liao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1576060/full
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author Ke Ma
Ke Ma
Xi Yang
Xi Yang
Zihui Yang
Yiting Meng
Jia Wen
Jia Wen
Rui Chen
Rui Chen
Jianghui Yang
Qinping Liao
Qinping Liao
author_facet Ke Ma
Ke Ma
Xi Yang
Xi Yang
Zihui Yang
Yiting Meng
Jia Wen
Jia Wen
Rui Chen
Rui Chen
Jianghui Yang
Qinping Liao
Qinping Liao
author_sort Ke Ma
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveThis study aimed to detect the expression of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 in differing endometrial tissue/cells, together with assessment of such molecular markers for improving accuracy within endometrial cytology screening for endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsOverall, 92 hysteroscopy cases were included. This cohort comprised 32 endometrial carcinoma patients, 30 benign lesion patients, and 30 cases with normal endometrium. Endometrial cells were collected before hysteroscopy, for immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunocytochemical (ICC) detection of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2. Expression levels were evaluated by semi-quantitative method, and ROC curves (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) were drawn to evaluate the application importance for all three biomarkers for EC diagnostics.ResultsIHC expression of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 was positively correlated with ICC expression within the endometrial carcinoma cohort, benign lesion cohort, and normal cohort. Using IHC and ICC, Akt/mTOR-marked upregulation was observed within the EC cohort, compared to all other cohorts. Pax-2 was also markedly upregulated within normal/benign lesion cohorts in comparison to the EC cohort (p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of ICC was 73.33 and 91.53%, respectively, when Akt ≥ 190 was used as the diagnostic index for EC. When mTOR ≥ 255 was used as the diagnostic index for EC, such parameters were 84.38 and 95.00%, respectively. When Pax-2 ≤ 165 was used as the diagnostic index for EC, such parameters were 96.67 and 80.00%, respectively.ConclusionThis investigation probed varying threshold levels pertaining to Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2, consequently assisting in endometrial lesion-type identification. IHC within ECT (endometrial cytology test) analyses for Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 could enhance the capacity for diagnosing EC/pre-malignant lesions.
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spelling doaj-art-2d0b6f290aaf47748e70009da8b539442025-08-20T03:15:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-04-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15760601576060Immunocytochemical examination of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 for endometrial carcinoma through thin-layer endometrial cytologyKe Ma0Ke Ma1Xi Yang2Xi Yang3Zihui Yang4Yiting Meng5Jia Wen6Jia Wen7Rui Chen8Rui Chen9Jianghui Yang10Qinping Liao11Qinping Liao12Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaObjectiveThis study aimed to detect the expression of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 in differing endometrial tissue/cells, together with assessment of such molecular markers for improving accuracy within endometrial cytology screening for endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsOverall, 92 hysteroscopy cases were included. This cohort comprised 32 endometrial carcinoma patients, 30 benign lesion patients, and 30 cases with normal endometrium. Endometrial cells were collected before hysteroscopy, for immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunocytochemical (ICC) detection of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2. Expression levels were evaluated by semi-quantitative method, and ROC curves (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) were drawn to evaluate the application importance for all three biomarkers for EC diagnostics.ResultsIHC expression of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 was positively correlated with ICC expression within the endometrial carcinoma cohort, benign lesion cohort, and normal cohort. Using IHC and ICC, Akt/mTOR-marked upregulation was observed within the EC cohort, compared to all other cohorts. Pax-2 was also markedly upregulated within normal/benign lesion cohorts in comparison to the EC cohort (p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of ICC was 73.33 and 91.53%, respectively, when Akt ≥ 190 was used as the diagnostic index for EC. When mTOR ≥ 255 was used as the diagnostic index for EC, such parameters were 84.38 and 95.00%, respectively. When Pax-2 ≤ 165 was used as the diagnostic index for EC, such parameters were 96.67 and 80.00%, respectively.ConclusionThis investigation probed varying threshold levels pertaining to Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2, consequently assisting in endometrial lesion-type identification. IHC within ECT (endometrial cytology test) analyses for Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 could enhance the capacity for diagnosing EC/pre-malignant lesions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1576060/fullimmunocytochemical expressionAktmTORPax-2endometrial carcinomathin-layer endometrial preparation
spellingShingle Ke Ma
Ke Ma
Xi Yang
Xi Yang
Zihui Yang
Yiting Meng
Jia Wen
Jia Wen
Rui Chen
Rui Chen
Jianghui Yang
Qinping Liao
Qinping Liao
Immunocytochemical examination of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 for endometrial carcinoma through thin-layer endometrial cytology
Frontiers in Medicine
immunocytochemical expression
Akt
mTOR
Pax-2
endometrial carcinoma
thin-layer endometrial preparation
title Immunocytochemical examination of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 for endometrial carcinoma through thin-layer endometrial cytology
title_full Immunocytochemical examination of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 for endometrial carcinoma through thin-layer endometrial cytology
title_fullStr Immunocytochemical examination of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 for endometrial carcinoma through thin-layer endometrial cytology
title_full_unstemmed Immunocytochemical examination of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 for endometrial carcinoma through thin-layer endometrial cytology
title_short Immunocytochemical examination of Akt, mTOR, and Pax-2 for endometrial carcinoma through thin-layer endometrial cytology
title_sort immunocytochemical examination of akt mtor and pax 2 for endometrial carcinoma through thin layer endometrial cytology
topic immunocytochemical expression
Akt
mTOR
Pax-2
endometrial carcinoma
thin-layer endometrial preparation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1576060/full
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