Uncovering Stability Origins in Layered Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts Through Homolog Comparison

Magnetic 2D materials offer a compelling platform for next-generation electrocatalysis by enabling spin-dependent reaction pathways. Among them, layered ferromagnets such as Fe<sub>3</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub> (FGT) have garnered attention for combining intrinsic ferromagnetism wi...

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Main Authors: Om Prakash Gujela, Sivasakthi Kuppusamy, Yu-Xiang Chen, Chang-Chi Kao, Jian-Jhang Lee, Bhartendu Papnai, Ya-Ping Hsieh, Raman Sankar, Mario Hofmann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/15/1210
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author Om Prakash Gujela
Sivasakthi Kuppusamy
Yu-Xiang Chen
Chang-Chi Kao
Jian-Jhang Lee
Bhartendu Papnai
Ya-Ping Hsieh
Raman Sankar
Mario Hofmann
author_facet Om Prakash Gujela
Sivasakthi Kuppusamy
Yu-Xiang Chen
Chang-Chi Kao
Jian-Jhang Lee
Bhartendu Papnai
Ya-Ping Hsieh
Raman Sankar
Mario Hofmann
author_sort Om Prakash Gujela
collection DOAJ
description Magnetic 2D materials offer a compelling platform for next-generation electrocatalysis by enabling spin-dependent reaction pathways. Among them, layered ferromagnets such as Fe<sub>3</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub> (FGT) have garnered attention for combining intrinsic ferromagnetism with high predicted oxygen evolution activity. However, the stability of non-oxide ferromagnets in electrochemical environments remains an unresolved challenge, limiting their envisioned applications. In this study, we introduce a structural homolog approach to investigate the origin of FGT’s catalytic behavior and the mechanisms underlying its degradation. By comparing FGT with its isostructural analog Fe<sub>3</sub>GaTe<sub>2</sub> (FGaT), we demonstrate that the electrochemical activity of FGT arises primarily from Fe orbitals and is largely insensitive to changes in sublayer composition. Although both materials exhibit similar basal-plane hydrogen evolution performance, FGaT demonstrates significantly lower long-term stability. Density functional theory calculations reveal that this instability arises from weaker Te bonding introduced by Ga substitution. These findings establish structural homologs as a powerful strategy for decoupling catalytic activity from electrochemical deterioration and for guiding the rational design of stable magnetic electrocatalysts.
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spelling doaj-art-2d01f85f95b44c988f364d55435bd7c62025-08-20T03:02:56ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-08-011515121010.3390/nano15151210Uncovering Stability Origins in Layered Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts Through Homolog ComparisonOm Prakash Gujela0Sivasakthi Kuppusamy1Yu-Xiang Chen2Chang-Chi Kao3Jian-Jhang Lee4Bhartendu Papnai5Ya-Ping Hsieh6Raman Sankar7Mario Hofmann8Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanInstitute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwanInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, TaiwanInstitute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, TaiwanInstitute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwanDepartment of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanMagnetic 2D materials offer a compelling platform for next-generation electrocatalysis by enabling spin-dependent reaction pathways. Among them, layered ferromagnets such as Fe<sub>3</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub> (FGT) have garnered attention for combining intrinsic ferromagnetism with high predicted oxygen evolution activity. However, the stability of non-oxide ferromagnets in electrochemical environments remains an unresolved challenge, limiting their envisioned applications. In this study, we introduce a structural homolog approach to investigate the origin of FGT’s catalytic behavior and the mechanisms underlying its degradation. By comparing FGT with its isostructural analog Fe<sub>3</sub>GaTe<sub>2</sub> (FGaT), we demonstrate that the electrochemical activity of FGT arises primarily from Fe orbitals and is largely insensitive to changes in sublayer composition. Although both materials exhibit similar basal-plane hydrogen evolution performance, FGaT demonstrates significantly lower long-term stability. Density functional theory calculations reveal that this instability arises from weaker Te bonding introduced by Ga substitution. These findings establish structural homologs as a powerful strategy for decoupling catalytic activity from electrochemical deterioration and for guiding the rational design of stable magnetic electrocatalysts.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/15/1210electrocatalysishydrogen evolution reactionsingle-crystal growthferromagnetic layered materialscyclic voltammetry
spellingShingle Om Prakash Gujela
Sivasakthi Kuppusamy
Yu-Xiang Chen
Chang-Chi Kao
Jian-Jhang Lee
Bhartendu Papnai
Ya-Ping Hsieh
Raman Sankar
Mario Hofmann
Uncovering Stability Origins in Layered Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts Through Homolog Comparison
Nanomaterials
electrocatalysis
hydrogen evolution reaction
single-crystal growth
ferromagnetic layered materials
cyclic voltammetry
title Uncovering Stability Origins in Layered Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts Through Homolog Comparison
title_full Uncovering Stability Origins in Layered Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts Through Homolog Comparison
title_fullStr Uncovering Stability Origins in Layered Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts Through Homolog Comparison
title_full_unstemmed Uncovering Stability Origins in Layered Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts Through Homolog Comparison
title_short Uncovering Stability Origins in Layered Ferromagnetic Electrocatalysts Through Homolog Comparison
title_sort uncovering stability origins in layered ferromagnetic electrocatalysts through homolog comparison
topic electrocatalysis
hydrogen evolution reaction
single-crystal growth
ferromagnetic layered materials
cyclic voltammetry
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/15/1210
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