Genome-Wide Identification of <i>WOX</i> Gene Family in <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> and a Functional Analysis of <i>CpWUS</i>

<i>Chimonanthus praecox</i>, also known as wintersweet, is a traditional ornamental plant in China. It blooms during the cold winter months and emits a long-lasting fragrance. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factor family is a plant-specific family of homeodomain (HD) tr...

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Main Authors: Huafeng Wu, Bin Liu, Yinzhu Cao, Guanpeng Ma, Xiaowen Zheng, Haoxiang Zhu, Shunzhao Sui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1144
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author Huafeng Wu
Bin Liu
Yinzhu Cao
Guanpeng Ma
Xiaowen Zheng
Haoxiang Zhu
Shunzhao Sui
author_facet Huafeng Wu
Bin Liu
Yinzhu Cao
Guanpeng Ma
Xiaowen Zheng
Haoxiang Zhu
Shunzhao Sui
author_sort Huafeng Wu
collection DOAJ
description <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i>, also known as wintersweet, is a traditional ornamental plant in China. It blooms during the cold winter months and emits a long-lasting fragrance. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factor family is a plant-specific family of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors that plays diverse roles in plant development. We identified 13 <i>WOX</i> family genes (<i>CpWOX1–CpWOX12</i> and <i>CpWUS</i>) and systematically analysed their physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, conserved domains, and expression regulation characteristics. The subcellular localization prediction indicates that all CpWOX proteins are localized in the nucleus and contain a conserved homeobox domain, with the WUS clade specifically containing a WUS-box motif. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are divided into three evolutionary branches: the WUS, ancient, and intermediate clades. Promoter analysis suggests that <i>CpWOX</i> genes may be involved in hormone responses, abiotic stress, developmental regulation, and encodes a nuclear-localised protein with self-activating activity. It is highly expressed in the stamen and root and is induced by low and high temperatures, salt stress, and methyl jasmonate. This study revealed the evolutionary characteristics of the WOX family genes in wintersweet and the function of <i>CpWUS</i> in regulating flowering time and root development, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the developmental regulatory mechanisms in wintersweet.
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spelling doaj-art-2cf61d708cf24c2f93750a6ae83bc4022025-08-20T03:03:25ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-04-01147114410.3390/plants14071144Genome-Wide Identification of <i>WOX</i> Gene Family in <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> and a Functional Analysis of <i>CpWUS</i>Huafeng Wu0Bin Liu1Yinzhu Cao2Guanpeng Ma3Xiaowen Zheng4Haoxiang Zhu5Shunzhao Sui6Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaChongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaChongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaChongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaChongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaChongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China<i>Chimonanthus praecox</i>, also known as wintersweet, is a traditional ornamental plant in China. It blooms during the cold winter months and emits a long-lasting fragrance. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factor family is a plant-specific family of homeodomain (HD) transcription factors that plays diverse roles in plant development. We identified 13 <i>WOX</i> family genes (<i>CpWOX1–CpWOX12</i> and <i>CpWUS</i>) and systematically analysed their physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, conserved domains, and expression regulation characteristics. The subcellular localization prediction indicates that all CpWOX proteins are localized in the nucleus and contain a conserved homeobox domain, with the WUS clade specifically containing a WUS-box motif. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are divided into three evolutionary branches: the WUS, ancient, and intermediate clades. Promoter analysis suggests that <i>CpWOX</i> genes may be involved in hormone responses, abiotic stress, developmental regulation, and encodes a nuclear-localised protein with self-activating activity. It is highly expressed in the stamen and root and is induced by low and high temperatures, salt stress, and methyl jasmonate. This study revealed the evolutionary characteristics of the WOX family genes in wintersweet and the function of <i>CpWUS</i> in regulating flowering time and root development, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the developmental regulatory mechanisms in wintersweet.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1144<i>Chimonanthus praecox</i>WOX family<i>CpWUS</i>floweringroot development
spellingShingle Huafeng Wu
Bin Liu
Yinzhu Cao
Guanpeng Ma
Xiaowen Zheng
Haoxiang Zhu
Shunzhao Sui
Genome-Wide Identification of <i>WOX</i> Gene Family in <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> and a Functional Analysis of <i>CpWUS</i>
Plants
<i>Chimonanthus praecox</i>
WOX family
<i>CpWUS</i>
flowering
root development
title Genome-Wide Identification of <i>WOX</i> Gene Family in <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> and a Functional Analysis of <i>CpWUS</i>
title_full Genome-Wide Identification of <i>WOX</i> Gene Family in <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> and a Functional Analysis of <i>CpWUS</i>
title_fullStr Genome-Wide Identification of <i>WOX</i> Gene Family in <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> and a Functional Analysis of <i>CpWUS</i>
title_full_unstemmed Genome-Wide Identification of <i>WOX</i> Gene Family in <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> and a Functional Analysis of <i>CpWUS</i>
title_short Genome-Wide Identification of <i>WOX</i> Gene Family in <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i> and a Functional Analysis of <i>CpWUS</i>
title_sort genome wide identification of i wox i gene family in i chimonanthus praecox i and a functional analysis of i cpwus i
topic <i>Chimonanthus praecox</i>
WOX family
<i>CpWUS</i>
flowering
root development
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/7/1144
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