Low climate-patterned temperature and cardiovascular disease: Worldwide trends and implications for public health policy

Background: Short-term cold spells and heat events are commonly considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study quantitatively examined the effects of country-specific ''climate-patterned temperature'' (TMP), measured as long-term mean temperature, on global...

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Main Authors: Wenpeng You, Jacob Sevastidis, Frank Donnelly
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525000753
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author Wenpeng You
Jacob Sevastidis
Frank Donnelly
author_facet Wenpeng You
Jacob Sevastidis
Frank Donnelly
author_sort Wenpeng You
collection DOAJ
description Background: Short-term cold spells and heat events are commonly considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study quantitatively examined the effects of country-specific ''climate-patterned temperature'' (TMP), measured as long-term mean temperature, on global CVD incidence. Methods: Recently published country-specific data on CVD incidence and TMP were analysed for statistical correlations at the population level using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Confounding effects of humidity, aging, GDP PPP, obesity prevalence, and urbanization were controlled. Fisher r-to-z transformation compared correlation coefficients. Results: Pearson's r and nonparametric analyses revealed a significant inverse correlation between TMP and CVD incidence worldwide (r = −0.646 and −0.574, respectively, p < 0.001). This relationship remained significant after controlling for confounders in a partial correlation model (r = −0.584, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed TMP as a significant and independent predictor of CVD incidence (Beta = −0.384, p < 0.001). Stepwise regression identified aging as the most influential factor (R2 = 0.591), with TMP and GDP PPP following, increasing R2 to 0.731 and 0.747, respectively. Humidity, obesity prevalence, and urbanization were not significant predictors. TMP had a stronger predictive effect on CVD incidence in high-income countries compared to low- and middle-income countries (z = 1.96 and 2.28 in Pearson's r and nonparametric models, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Long-term lower mean temperature (TMP) is a significant and independent risk factor for CVD worldwide, particularly in developed countries. TMP should be considered in epidemiological studies of CVD.
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spelling doaj-art-2cf0a78d9c554ef4bf53830e4befab022025-08-24T05:15:14ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention2772-48752025-09-012620043710.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200437Low climate-patterned temperature and cardiovascular disease: Worldwide trends and implications for public health policyWenpeng You0Jacob Sevastidis1Frank Donnelly2School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Nursing School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Heart and Lung, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Corresponding author. School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AustraliaAdelaide Nursing School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AustraliaBackground: Short-term cold spells and heat events are commonly considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study quantitatively examined the effects of country-specific ''climate-patterned temperature'' (TMP), measured as long-term mean temperature, on global CVD incidence. Methods: Recently published country-specific data on CVD incidence and TMP were analysed for statistical correlations at the population level using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Confounding effects of humidity, aging, GDP PPP, obesity prevalence, and urbanization were controlled. Fisher r-to-z transformation compared correlation coefficients. Results: Pearson's r and nonparametric analyses revealed a significant inverse correlation between TMP and CVD incidence worldwide (r = −0.646 and −0.574, respectively, p < 0.001). This relationship remained significant after controlling for confounders in a partial correlation model (r = −0.584, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed TMP as a significant and independent predictor of CVD incidence (Beta = −0.384, p < 0.001). Stepwise regression identified aging as the most influential factor (R2 = 0.591), with TMP and GDP PPP following, increasing R2 to 0.731 and 0.747, respectively. Humidity, obesity prevalence, and urbanization were not significant predictors. TMP had a stronger predictive effect on CVD incidence in high-income countries compared to low- and middle-income countries (z = 1.96 and 2.28 in Pearson's r and nonparametric models, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Long-term lower mean temperature (TMP) is a significant and independent risk factor for CVD worldwide, particularly in developed countries. TMP should be considered in epidemiological studies of CVD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525000753Cardiovascular disease incidenceCold temperatureClimate-patterned temperatureLong-term pattern of mean value of temperaturePopulation health
spellingShingle Wenpeng You
Jacob Sevastidis
Frank Donnelly
Low climate-patterned temperature and cardiovascular disease: Worldwide trends and implications for public health policy
International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
Cardiovascular disease incidence
Cold temperature
Climate-patterned temperature
Long-term pattern of mean value of temperature
Population health
title Low climate-patterned temperature and cardiovascular disease: Worldwide trends and implications for public health policy
title_full Low climate-patterned temperature and cardiovascular disease: Worldwide trends and implications for public health policy
title_fullStr Low climate-patterned temperature and cardiovascular disease: Worldwide trends and implications for public health policy
title_full_unstemmed Low climate-patterned temperature and cardiovascular disease: Worldwide trends and implications for public health policy
title_short Low climate-patterned temperature and cardiovascular disease: Worldwide trends and implications for public health policy
title_sort low climate patterned temperature and cardiovascular disease worldwide trends and implications for public health policy
topic Cardiovascular disease incidence
Cold temperature
Climate-patterned temperature
Long-term pattern of mean value of temperature
Population health
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525000753
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AT frankdonnelly lowclimatepatternedtemperatureandcardiovasculardiseaseworldwidetrendsandimplicationsforpublichealthpolicy