A New LISA-detectable Type Ia Supernova Progenitor in the Southern Sky: SMSS J1138−5139

We present the discovery and analysis of a nearby eclipsing ultracompact accreting binary SMSS J1138−5139, the first well-constrained LISA-detectable Type Ia supernova progenitor. Our time-series optical spectroscopy identifies its orbital period through radial velocity monitoring at ${P}_{\mathrm{o...

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Main Authors: Alekzander Kosakowski, Matti Dorsch, Warren R. Brown, Thomas Kupfer, Fatma Ben Daya, Mukremin Kilic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add1cf
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author Alekzander Kosakowski
Matti Dorsch
Warren R. Brown
Thomas Kupfer
Fatma Ben Daya
Mukremin Kilic
author_facet Alekzander Kosakowski
Matti Dorsch
Warren R. Brown
Thomas Kupfer
Fatma Ben Daya
Mukremin Kilic
author_sort Alekzander Kosakowski
collection DOAJ
description We present the discovery and analysis of a nearby eclipsing ultracompact accreting binary SMSS J1138−5139, the first well-constrained LISA-detectable Type Ia supernova progenitor. Our time-series optical spectroscopy identifies its orbital period through radial velocity monitoring at ${P}_{\mathrm{orb,RV}}=27.682\,\mathrm{minutes}$ , twice the photometric period seen in 2 minute cadence data from TESS Sector 37. We model our optical spectroscopy together with new simultaneous multiband time-series photometry from Gemini to place constraints on the binary parameters. Our light-curve modeling finds that SMSS J1138−5139 contains an M _2 = 0.25 ± 0.01 M _⊙ pre-white-dwarf donor with a massive M _1 = 1.02 ± 0.05 M _⊙ white dwarf accretor at orbital inclination ​​​​​​ $i=88\mathop{.}\limits^{\circ }6\pm 0\mathop{.}\limits^{\circ }1$ . Based on our photometrically derived system parameters, we expect that gravitational-wave radiation will drive SMSS J1138−5139 to a merger within τ = 5.7 ± 0.3 Myr and result in a Type Ia supernova. Even without a direct merger event, the component masses of SMSS J1138−5139 and active hydrogen accretion suggest that eventual helium accretion will likely also trigger a Type Ia supernova explosion through the dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation (D6) channel. We expect LISA to detect the gravitational-wave emission from SMSS J1138−5139 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 7–10 after a 48 month mission.
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spelling doaj-art-2cef765387414539bbb3f13fda2efc352025-08-20T02:36:19ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01987220510.3847/1538-4357/add1cfA New LISA-detectable Type Ia Supernova Progenitor in the Southern Sky: SMSS J1138−5139Alekzander Kosakowski0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-1647Matti Dorsch1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5400-2368Warren R. Brown2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4462-2341Thomas Kupfer3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-1484Fatma Ben Daya4Mukremin Kilic5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-2235Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University , 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAInstitut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, GermanyCenter for Astrophysics , Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 012138, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University , 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Hamburger Sternwarte, University of Hamburg , Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, GermanyHamburger Sternwarte, University of Hamburg , Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, GermanyHomer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma , 440 W. Brooks St., Norman, OK 73019, USAWe present the discovery and analysis of a nearby eclipsing ultracompact accreting binary SMSS J1138−5139, the first well-constrained LISA-detectable Type Ia supernova progenitor. Our time-series optical spectroscopy identifies its orbital period through radial velocity monitoring at ${P}_{\mathrm{orb,RV}}=27.682\,\mathrm{minutes}$ , twice the photometric period seen in 2 minute cadence data from TESS Sector 37. We model our optical spectroscopy together with new simultaneous multiband time-series photometry from Gemini to place constraints on the binary parameters. Our light-curve modeling finds that SMSS J1138−5139 contains an M _2 = 0.25 ± 0.01 M _⊙ pre-white-dwarf donor with a massive M _1 = 1.02 ± 0.05 M _⊙ white dwarf accretor at orbital inclination ​​​​​​ $i=88\mathop{.}\limits^{\circ }6\pm 0\mathop{.}\limits^{\circ }1$ . Based on our photometrically derived system parameters, we expect that gravitational-wave radiation will drive SMSS J1138−5139 to a merger within τ = 5.7 ± 0.3 Myr and result in a Type Ia supernova. Even without a direct merger event, the component masses of SMSS J1138−5139 and active hydrogen accretion suggest that eventual helium accretion will likely also trigger a Type Ia supernova explosion through the dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation (D6) channel. We expect LISA to detect the gravitational-wave emission from SMSS J1138−5139 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 7–10 after a 48 month mission.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add1cfEclipsing binary starsGravitational wave sourcesInteracting binary starsWhite dwarf starsSubdwarf stars
spellingShingle Alekzander Kosakowski
Matti Dorsch
Warren R. Brown
Thomas Kupfer
Fatma Ben Daya
Mukremin Kilic
A New LISA-detectable Type Ia Supernova Progenitor in the Southern Sky: SMSS J1138−5139
The Astrophysical Journal
Eclipsing binary stars
Gravitational wave sources
Interacting binary stars
White dwarf stars
Subdwarf stars
title A New LISA-detectable Type Ia Supernova Progenitor in the Southern Sky: SMSS J1138−5139
title_full A New LISA-detectable Type Ia Supernova Progenitor in the Southern Sky: SMSS J1138−5139
title_fullStr A New LISA-detectable Type Ia Supernova Progenitor in the Southern Sky: SMSS J1138−5139
title_full_unstemmed A New LISA-detectable Type Ia Supernova Progenitor in the Southern Sky: SMSS J1138−5139
title_short A New LISA-detectable Type Ia Supernova Progenitor in the Southern Sky: SMSS J1138−5139
title_sort new lisa detectable type ia supernova progenitor in the southern sky smss j1138 5139
topic Eclipsing binary stars
Gravitational wave sources
Interacting binary stars
White dwarf stars
Subdwarf stars
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add1cf
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