The unfairness we feel: How positive and aggressive affect could shape relative deprivation and aggression

Abstract Background Relative deprivation (RD), the belief of being unfairly disadvantaged compared to a standard, has frequently been linked to aggressive behaviors. This study explored how affective experiences are associated with the perception of unfairness (i.e., RD) and, thus, influence aggress...

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Main Authors: Yara J. Kassab, Georg Halbeisen, Eva Walther
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02732-x
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author Yara J. Kassab
Georg Halbeisen
Eva Walther
author_facet Yara J. Kassab
Georg Halbeisen
Eva Walther
author_sort Yara J. Kassab
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Relative deprivation (RD), the belief of being unfairly disadvantaged compared to a standard, has frequently been linked to aggressive behaviors. This study explored how affective experiences are associated with the perception of unfairness (i.e., RD) and, thus, influence aggressive behavior indirectly. Methods N = 184 participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions of a game task, in which they experienced either deprivation or no deprivation as the difference between own rewards and the rewards of a fictitious other player. We assessed the subjective perception of RD and affective experiences attributed to the game before measuring aggressive behavior towards the other player in a point subtraction task. Results Sequential mediation analysis suggested that increases in aggressive affect and decreases in positive affect could be linked to perceiving the game as more unfair for deprived participants, which in turn increased rates of aggressive behavior. Conclusions Adding to the existing literature, these findings suggest that RD could not only lead to aggression through an affective route but that affective experiences potentially alter perceptions of RD and thus aggressive behavior indirectly.
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spelling doaj-art-2cdbdf3397ac40b78736dafbc7bfdfb72025-08-20T03:18:33ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-04-011311910.1186/s40359-025-02732-xThe unfairness we feel: How positive and aggressive affect could shape relative deprivation and aggressionYara J. Kassab0Georg Halbeisen1Eva Walther2Department of Psychology, University of TrierUniversity Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Campus East-Westphalia, Ruhr-University BochumDepartment of Psychology, University of TrierAbstract Background Relative deprivation (RD), the belief of being unfairly disadvantaged compared to a standard, has frequently been linked to aggressive behaviors. This study explored how affective experiences are associated with the perception of unfairness (i.e., RD) and, thus, influence aggressive behavior indirectly. Methods N = 184 participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions of a game task, in which they experienced either deprivation or no deprivation as the difference between own rewards and the rewards of a fictitious other player. We assessed the subjective perception of RD and affective experiences attributed to the game before measuring aggressive behavior towards the other player in a point subtraction task. Results Sequential mediation analysis suggested that increases in aggressive affect and decreases in positive affect could be linked to perceiving the game as more unfair for deprived participants, which in turn increased rates of aggressive behavior. Conclusions Adding to the existing literature, these findings suggest that RD could not only lead to aggression through an affective route but that affective experiences potentially alter perceptions of RD and thus aggressive behavior indirectly.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02732-xPersonal relative deprivationInterpersonal aggressionGame taskPolitical psychologyAggressive affect
spellingShingle Yara J. Kassab
Georg Halbeisen
Eva Walther
The unfairness we feel: How positive and aggressive affect could shape relative deprivation and aggression
BMC Psychology
Personal relative deprivation
Interpersonal aggression
Game task
Political psychology
Aggressive affect
title The unfairness we feel: How positive and aggressive affect could shape relative deprivation and aggression
title_full The unfairness we feel: How positive and aggressive affect could shape relative deprivation and aggression
title_fullStr The unfairness we feel: How positive and aggressive affect could shape relative deprivation and aggression
title_full_unstemmed The unfairness we feel: How positive and aggressive affect could shape relative deprivation and aggression
title_short The unfairness we feel: How positive and aggressive affect could shape relative deprivation and aggression
title_sort unfairness we feel how positive and aggressive affect could shape relative deprivation and aggression
topic Personal relative deprivation
Interpersonal aggression
Game task
Political psychology
Aggressive affect
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02732-x
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