Environmental DNA surveys can determine in-stream dominance of non-native brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis over native brown trout Salmo trutta

For effective management of established potentially invasive species it is important to find management target sites (e.g. for depletion or eradication measures). In Sweden, the brook charr is non-native and competes with the native brown trout. Hence, finding methods allowing for rapid screening fo...

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Main Authors: Andreas Broman, William F. Englund, Niclas Gyllenstrand, Joacim Näslund
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25003371
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author Andreas Broman
William F. Englund
Niclas Gyllenstrand
Joacim Näslund
author_facet Andreas Broman
William F. Englund
Niclas Gyllenstrand
Joacim Näslund
author_sort Andreas Broman
collection DOAJ
description For effective management of established potentially invasive species it is important to find management target sites (e.g. for depletion or eradication measures). In Sweden, the brook charr is non-native and competes with the native brown trout. Hence, finding methods allowing for rapid screening for potential problem areas is important. Wading electrofishing is the main method used, but eDNA surveys have the potential to replace the former method. Here we evaluate the usage of quantitative single-species eDNA analyses to find sites where brook charr dominates over brown trout. Using the ratio of the estimated relative amount of eDNA for each species, we correctly detect the vast majority of the areas where brook charr is dominating brown trout in the electrofishing results (> 50 % of total abundance or biomass). Surveys using eDNA also have a higher chance to detect brook charr than electrofishing. We also show that quantitative comparisons between eDNA and electrofishing can be interpreted in very different ways depending on handling of outliers and inclusion/exclusion of sites without either catch or eDNA detections of a species in the analyses. Overall, however, even if relationships between catch results and eDNA results are found to be significantly positive under certain assumptions, the ability of eDNA results to predict electrofishing catches at the site level is associated with substantial uncertainties, at the scale of an order of magnitude. No environmental factors were found to clearly affect eDNA concentrations. In conclusion, eDNA is a promising tool to be used for cost-efficient screening of streams where brook charr is a potential ecological problem, but electrofishing still has a strong methodological position for follow-up studies quantifying their actual abundance. The two methods are complementary and one should not completely replace the other.
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spelling doaj-art-2cd43fe92a6c4a44b57db3d7682f9b2a2025-08-20T03:18:09ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2025-04-0117311340710.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113407Environmental DNA surveys can determine in-stream dominance of non-native brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis over native brown trout Salmo truttaAndreas Broman0William F. Englund1Niclas Gyllenstrand2Joacim Näslund3Fiskeutredningsgruppen (Fisheries Investigation Unit), County Administrative Board of Norrbotten County, SE-971 86 Luleå, SwedenCenter for Genetic Identification (CGI), Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, SwedenCenter for Genetic Identification (CGI), Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden; Corresponding author.For effective management of established potentially invasive species it is important to find management target sites (e.g. for depletion or eradication measures). In Sweden, the brook charr is non-native and competes with the native brown trout. Hence, finding methods allowing for rapid screening for potential problem areas is important. Wading electrofishing is the main method used, but eDNA surveys have the potential to replace the former method. Here we evaluate the usage of quantitative single-species eDNA analyses to find sites where brook charr dominates over brown trout. Using the ratio of the estimated relative amount of eDNA for each species, we correctly detect the vast majority of the areas where brook charr is dominating brown trout in the electrofishing results (> 50 % of total abundance or biomass). Surveys using eDNA also have a higher chance to detect brook charr than electrofishing. We also show that quantitative comparisons between eDNA and electrofishing can be interpreted in very different ways depending on handling of outliers and inclusion/exclusion of sites without either catch or eDNA detections of a species in the analyses. Overall, however, even if relationships between catch results and eDNA results are found to be significantly positive under certain assumptions, the ability of eDNA results to predict electrofishing catches at the site level is associated with substantial uncertainties, at the scale of an order of magnitude. No environmental factors were found to clearly affect eDNA concentrations. In conclusion, eDNA is a promising tool to be used for cost-efficient screening of streams where brook charr is a potential ecological problem, but electrofishing still has a strong methodological position for follow-up studies quantifying their actual abundance. The two methods are complementary and one should not completely replace the other.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25003371Brook troutSalvelinus fontinalisSalmo truttaenvironmental DNAElectrofishingInvasive species monitoring
spellingShingle Andreas Broman
William F. Englund
Niclas Gyllenstrand
Joacim Näslund
Environmental DNA surveys can determine in-stream dominance of non-native brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis over native brown trout Salmo trutta
Ecological Indicators
Brook trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
Salmo trutta
environmental DNA
Electrofishing
Invasive species monitoring
title Environmental DNA surveys can determine in-stream dominance of non-native brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis over native brown trout Salmo trutta
title_full Environmental DNA surveys can determine in-stream dominance of non-native brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis over native brown trout Salmo trutta
title_fullStr Environmental DNA surveys can determine in-stream dominance of non-native brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis over native brown trout Salmo trutta
title_full_unstemmed Environmental DNA surveys can determine in-stream dominance of non-native brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis over native brown trout Salmo trutta
title_short Environmental DNA surveys can determine in-stream dominance of non-native brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis over native brown trout Salmo trutta
title_sort environmental dna surveys can determine in stream dominance of non native brook charr salvelinus fontinalis over native brown trout salmo trutta
topic Brook trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
Salmo trutta
environmental DNA
Electrofishing
Invasive species monitoring
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25003371
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