Increased Intracranial Pressure during Hemodialysis in a Patient with Anoxic Brain Injury

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a serious neurological complication of hemodialysis, and patients with acute brain injury are at increased risk. We report a case of DDS leading to intracranial hypertension in a patient with anoxic brain injury and discuss the subsequent dialysis strategy....

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Main Authors: Anton Lund, Mette B. Damholt, Ditte G. Strange, Jesper Kelsen, Hasse Møller-Sørensen, Kirsten Møller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2017-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Critical Care
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5378928
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author Anton Lund
Mette B. Damholt
Ditte G. Strange
Jesper Kelsen
Hasse Møller-Sørensen
Kirsten Møller
author_facet Anton Lund
Mette B. Damholt
Ditte G. Strange
Jesper Kelsen
Hasse Møller-Sørensen
Kirsten Møller
author_sort Anton Lund
collection DOAJ
description Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a serious neurological complication of hemodialysis, and patients with acute brain injury are at increased risk. We report a case of DDS leading to intracranial hypertension in a patient with anoxic brain injury and discuss the subsequent dialysis strategy. A 13-year-old girl was admitted after prolonged resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an inferior vena cava aneurysm and multiple pulmonary emboli as the likely cause. An intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor was inserted, and, on day 3, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was initiated due to acute kidney injury, during which the patient developed severe intracranial hypertension. CT of the brain showed diffuse cerebral edema. CRRT was discontinued, sedation was increased, and hypertonic saline was administered, upon which ICP normalized. Due to persistent hyperkalemia and overhydration, ultrafiltration and intermittent hemodialysis were performed separately on day 4 with a small dialyzer, low blood and dialysate flow, and high dialysate sodium content. During subsequent treatments, isolated ultrafiltration was well tolerated, whereas hemodialysis was associated with increased ICP necessitating frequent pauses or early cessation of dialysis. In patients at risk of DDS, hemodialysis should be performed with utmost care and continuous monitoring of ICP should be considered.
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spelling doaj-art-2cd064f45570487a9c26d4feca563c912025-08-20T03:55:02ZengWileyCase Reports in Critical Care2090-64202090-64392017-01-01201710.1155/2017/53789285378928Increased Intracranial Pressure during Hemodialysis in a Patient with Anoxic Brain InjuryAnton Lund0Mette B. Damholt1Ditte G. Strange2Jesper Kelsen3Hasse Møller-Sørensen4Kirsten Møller5Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a serious neurological complication of hemodialysis, and patients with acute brain injury are at increased risk. We report a case of DDS leading to intracranial hypertension in a patient with anoxic brain injury and discuss the subsequent dialysis strategy. A 13-year-old girl was admitted after prolonged resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an inferior vena cava aneurysm and multiple pulmonary emboli as the likely cause. An intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor was inserted, and, on day 3, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) was initiated due to acute kidney injury, during which the patient developed severe intracranial hypertension. CT of the brain showed diffuse cerebral edema. CRRT was discontinued, sedation was increased, and hypertonic saline was administered, upon which ICP normalized. Due to persistent hyperkalemia and overhydration, ultrafiltration and intermittent hemodialysis were performed separately on day 4 with a small dialyzer, low blood and dialysate flow, and high dialysate sodium content. During subsequent treatments, isolated ultrafiltration was well tolerated, whereas hemodialysis was associated with increased ICP necessitating frequent pauses or early cessation of dialysis. In patients at risk of DDS, hemodialysis should be performed with utmost care and continuous monitoring of ICP should be considered.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5378928
spellingShingle Anton Lund
Mette B. Damholt
Ditte G. Strange
Jesper Kelsen
Hasse Møller-Sørensen
Kirsten Møller
Increased Intracranial Pressure during Hemodialysis in a Patient with Anoxic Brain Injury
Case Reports in Critical Care
title Increased Intracranial Pressure during Hemodialysis in a Patient with Anoxic Brain Injury
title_full Increased Intracranial Pressure during Hemodialysis in a Patient with Anoxic Brain Injury
title_fullStr Increased Intracranial Pressure during Hemodialysis in a Patient with Anoxic Brain Injury
title_full_unstemmed Increased Intracranial Pressure during Hemodialysis in a Patient with Anoxic Brain Injury
title_short Increased Intracranial Pressure during Hemodialysis in a Patient with Anoxic Brain Injury
title_sort increased intracranial pressure during hemodialysis in a patient with anoxic brain injury
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5378928
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AT jesperkelsen increasedintracranialpressureduringhemodialysisinapatientwithanoxicbraininjury
AT hassemøllersørensen increasedintracranialpressureduringhemodialysisinapatientwithanoxicbraininjury
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