Improving diesel engine performance with hydrogen-fumigated soapnut biodiesel

The pursuit of sustainable and economically viable alternatives to diesel fuel has catalyzed increased scholarly attention towards biodiesel produced from non-edible biomass, particularly Soapnut fruit biodiesel (SFB). Notwithstanding its ecological advantages, SFB is accompanied by increased emissi...

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Main Authors: Christopher Selvam D, Yuvarajan Devarajan, Aditya Kishore Dash, Shivendu Saxena, Beemkumar Nagappan, Vinod Kumar Singh, Prabhukumar Sellamuthu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502359X
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author Christopher Selvam D
Yuvarajan Devarajan
Aditya Kishore Dash
Shivendu Saxena
Beemkumar Nagappan
Vinod Kumar Singh
Prabhukumar Sellamuthu
author_facet Christopher Selvam D
Yuvarajan Devarajan
Aditya Kishore Dash
Shivendu Saxena
Beemkumar Nagappan
Vinod Kumar Singh
Prabhukumar Sellamuthu
author_sort Christopher Selvam D
collection DOAJ
description The pursuit of sustainable and economically viable alternatives to diesel fuel has catalyzed increased scholarly attention towards biodiesel produced from non-edible biomass, particularly Soapnut fruit biodiesel (SFB). Notwithstanding its ecological advantages, SFB is accompanied by increased emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and a reduction in engine efficiency. This investigation examines the ramifications of hydrogen fumigation on the combustion efficiency and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine operating on SFB. Hydrogen was administered at 10 % of the intake air volume, a parameter determined through preliminary optimization experiments. Empirical assessments conducted under five distinct engine load scenarios (0–100 %) demonstrated a 6.0 % enhancement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and a 7.1 % decrease in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) when utilizing SFB in conjunction with hydrogen (SFB + H₂) compared to SFB utilized in isolation. Emission analyses revealed significant reductions of 12.1 % in NOx, 40.2 % in carbon monoxide (CO), and 30.4 % in smoke opacity. Furthermore, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were reduced by 33.3 %, while peak in-cylinder pressure increased by 10.3 %, and the heat release rate (HRR) improved by 20.0 %. These enhancements can be attributed to the superior diffusivity, rapid flame propagation, and minimal ignition energy associated with hydrogen, which facilitate a more thorough combustion process. The findings substantiate the viability of hydrogen-enhanced SFB as a promising dual-fuel strategy for achieving cleaner and more efficient engine performance in various domains, including agriculture and transportation.
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spelling doaj-art-2cc752fa0c044fbabbcdeccd57d959ae2025-08-20T03:08:17ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710628710.1016/j.rineng.2025.106287Improving diesel engine performance with hydrogen-fumigated soapnut biodieselChristopher Selvam D0Yuvarajan Devarajan1Aditya Kishore Dash2Shivendu Saxena3Beemkumar Nagappan4Vinod Kumar Singh5Prabhukumar Sellamuthu6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Savetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Savetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IndiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Ramanagara District, Karnataka - 562112, IndiaDepartment of Science, Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Presidency University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, IndiaThe pursuit of sustainable and economically viable alternatives to diesel fuel has catalyzed increased scholarly attention towards biodiesel produced from non-edible biomass, particularly Soapnut fruit biodiesel (SFB). Notwithstanding its ecological advantages, SFB is accompanied by increased emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and a reduction in engine efficiency. This investigation examines the ramifications of hydrogen fumigation on the combustion efficiency and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine operating on SFB. Hydrogen was administered at 10 % of the intake air volume, a parameter determined through preliminary optimization experiments. Empirical assessments conducted under five distinct engine load scenarios (0–100 %) demonstrated a 6.0 % enhancement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and a 7.1 % decrease in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) when utilizing SFB in conjunction with hydrogen (SFB + H₂) compared to SFB utilized in isolation. Emission analyses revealed significant reductions of 12.1 % in NOx, 40.2 % in carbon monoxide (CO), and 30.4 % in smoke opacity. Furthermore, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were reduced by 33.3 %, while peak in-cylinder pressure increased by 10.3 %, and the heat release rate (HRR) improved by 20.0 %. These enhancements can be attributed to the superior diffusivity, rapid flame propagation, and minimal ignition energy associated with hydrogen, which facilitate a more thorough combustion process. The findings substantiate the viability of hydrogen-enhanced SFB as a promising dual-fuel strategy for achieving cleaner and more efficient engine performance in various domains, including agriculture and transportation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502359XClean energyHydrogen fumigationSoapnut fruitEmissions reductionRenewable power
spellingShingle Christopher Selvam D
Yuvarajan Devarajan
Aditya Kishore Dash
Shivendu Saxena
Beemkumar Nagappan
Vinod Kumar Singh
Prabhukumar Sellamuthu
Improving diesel engine performance with hydrogen-fumigated soapnut biodiesel
Results in Engineering
Clean energy
Hydrogen fumigation
Soapnut fruit
Emissions reduction
Renewable power
title Improving diesel engine performance with hydrogen-fumigated soapnut biodiesel
title_full Improving diesel engine performance with hydrogen-fumigated soapnut biodiesel
title_fullStr Improving diesel engine performance with hydrogen-fumigated soapnut biodiesel
title_full_unstemmed Improving diesel engine performance with hydrogen-fumigated soapnut biodiesel
title_short Improving diesel engine performance with hydrogen-fumigated soapnut biodiesel
title_sort improving diesel engine performance with hydrogen fumigated soapnut biodiesel
topic Clean energy
Hydrogen fumigation
Soapnut fruit
Emissions reduction
Renewable power
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502359X
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