A comprehensive immune repertoire signature distinguishes pulmonary infiltration in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection

A comprehensive immune repertoire signature distinguishes pulmonary infiltration in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has been the most severe public health emergency since 2019. Currently, the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most dominant. The most prominent symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infecti...

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Main Authors: Xuechuan Li, Hongyi Zhu, Peipei Xu, Jie Zhang, Zhe Wang, Hui He, Fang Shen, Yi Jiang, Lijuan Shen, Jing Xiang, Linhua Yang, Chao Yang, Hao Jiang, Ganglong Gao, Junshuo Jin, Huojian Shen, Yinping Wang, Linshi Wu, Changlin Qian, Dejun Liu, Weiqing Qiu, Qiwei Li, Yuanwen Chen, Fujun Lin, Yun Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
immune repertoire
vaccine
TCR
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1486352/full
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Summary:IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has been the most severe public health emergency since 2019. Currently, the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most dominant. The most prominent symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection is respiratory. Meanwhile, the fatality of COVID-19 was mainly from pneumonia. However ,in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who have pneumonia and those who do not, the differences in the immune repertoire still require further investigation.MethodsWe conducted seven-chain adaptome immune repertoire analyses on patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, both with and without pulmonary infiltration.ResultsPatients with pulmonary infiltration exhibit lymphopenia, a decreased proportion of the overall TCR repertoire alongside an increased BCR repertoire, reduced IGHD and IGHM isotype expression, a shorter mean CDR3 length for TRG, and a longer mean length for TRD, as well as diminished clonality and diversity in the TCR/BCR repertoire. Meanwhile, patients with pulmonary infiltration have distinct V-J gene usage and unique CDR3 signature, as well as BCR class switch recombination pattern. Finally, prior vaccination triggered less BCR IGHM/IGHD somatic hypermutation response, preserved the diversity of the entire adaptive immune repertoire, and provided clinical protection against severe or critical conditions following Omicron infection.DiscussionWe report a unique, comprehensive adaptive immune system signature in patients with pulmonary infiltration, which may serve as potential immunological biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
ISSN:1664-3224

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