Designing of pyrrolopyrazine-based electron transporting materials with architecture (A1-D-A2) in perovskite solar cells: a DFT study

Abstract In this study, the proposed method involves the confident insertion of π-spacer fragments between donor and acceptor parts of a newly designed (A1-D-A2) molecule into the reference molecule (PP2). Frontier molecular orbitals study using MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of DFT demonstrates that all...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Malik Muhammad Asif Iqbal, Muzammil Hussain, Riaz Hussain, Waqar Ashraf
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87375-z
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Summary:Abstract In this study, the proposed method involves the confident insertion of π-spacer fragments between donor and acceptor parts of a newly designed (A1-D-A2) molecule into the reference molecule (PP2). Frontier molecular orbitals study using MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of DFT demonstrates that all designed molecules possess a lower band gap (2.62–3.35 eV) in comparison to R (3.77 eV). The absorption properties clearly show that all the designed molecules (DD1–DD8) have higher absorption values (434.44–566.40 nm) in the gas phase and (498.65–624.01 nm) in the solvent phase compared to R values of 380.32 nm in the gas phase and 415.61 nm in the solvent phase. Significant LHE values and the lowest λe values (0.0062–0.0110 eV) are observed in the designed molecules. This study will help researchers to design molecules for the development of efficient PSCs devices.
ISSN:2045-2322