Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract Background Restricting the placement of active ingredients (AIs) to specific panels on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has the potential to reduce the amount of AI required to treat a net. If the restricted placement of the AIs can exploit mosquito behaviour, particularly where they interac...
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2025-02-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05264-2 |
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| author | Natalie Lissenden John Bradley Benjamin Menze Charles Wondji Constant Edi Benjamin Koudou Raphael N’Guessan Koama Bayili Abdoulaye Diabaté Njelembo Mbewe Basiliana Emidi Jacklin Mosha Alphaxard Manjurano Graham Small Welbeck Oumbouke Sarah Jane Moore Derric Nimmo Janneke Snetselaar |
| author_facet | Natalie Lissenden John Bradley Benjamin Menze Charles Wondji Constant Edi Benjamin Koudou Raphael N’Guessan Koama Bayili Abdoulaye Diabaté Njelembo Mbewe Basiliana Emidi Jacklin Mosha Alphaxard Manjurano Graham Small Welbeck Oumbouke Sarah Jane Moore Derric Nimmo Janneke Snetselaar |
| author_sort | Natalie Lissenden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Restricting the placement of active ingredients (AIs) to specific panels on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has the potential to reduce the amount of AI required to treat a net. If the restricted placement of the AIs can exploit mosquito behaviour, particularly where they interact with the bed net interface, and not impact the net’s effectiveness, then the reduction in AI could result in cost reductions. Methods Nine individual experimental hut trials were conducted to compare the efficacy of three different partially-treated net relative to fully treated nets; roof-only treated nets, side-only treated nets, and nets with treated roof and pyrethroid-only side panels. These trials were conducted on a range of net products with different AIs, across a range of geographies in Africa (East and West), vector species (Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii, Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus), hut designs (East and West African style) and hosts (cows and humans). The combined data from these trials were analysed in a meta-analysis, and odds ratios for the effect of the different net designs on mortality and blood-feeding were estimated using mixed effects logistic regression. Results The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that fully treated nets provide greater mosquito killing and reduction in blood-feeding effects than any configuration of insecticide treatment restricted to specific panels. Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that partially-treated net that restrict the insecticide treatment to specific panels of an ITN do not give equivalency or superiority in either mortality or blood-feeding inhibition to fully treated nets. The implications of these findings are discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2cb057d8fea248e2a2530d3e41eee603 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-2cb057d8fea248e2a2530d3e41eee6032025-02-09T12:13:15ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752025-02-0124111210.1186/s12936-025-05264-2Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan AfricaNatalie Lissenden0John Bradley1Benjamin Menze2Charles Wondji3Constant Edi4Benjamin Koudou5Raphael N’Guessan6Koama Bayili7Abdoulaye Diabaté8Njelembo Mbewe9Basiliana Emidi10Jacklin Mosha11Alphaxard Manjurano12Graham Small13Welbeck Oumbouke14Sarah Jane Moore15Derric Nimmo16Janneke Snetselaar17Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineMRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)Medical Entomology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)Medical Entomology Department, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifques en Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS)Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifques en Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS)Institut Pierre Richet (IPR), Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP)Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre (NIMR Mwanza) National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre (NIMR Mwanza) National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Centre (NIMR Mwanza)Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineInnovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineIfakara Health Institute Vector Control Product Testing Unit, Environmental Health and Ecological Science DepartmentInnovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineInnovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC), Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineAbstract Background Restricting the placement of active ingredients (AIs) to specific panels on insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has the potential to reduce the amount of AI required to treat a net. If the restricted placement of the AIs can exploit mosquito behaviour, particularly where they interact with the bed net interface, and not impact the net’s effectiveness, then the reduction in AI could result in cost reductions. Methods Nine individual experimental hut trials were conducted to compare the efficacy of three different partially-treated net relative to fully treated nets; roof-only treated nets, side-only treated nets, and nets with treated roof and pyrethroid-only side panels. These trials were conducted on a range of net products with different AIs, across a range of geographies in Africa (East and West), vector species (Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii, Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus), hut designs (East and West African style) and hosts (cows and humans). The combined data from these trials were analysed in a meta-analysis, and odds ratios for the effect of the different net designs on mortality and blood-feeding were estimated using mixed effects logistic regression. Results The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that fully treated nets provide greater mosquito killing and reduction in blood-feeding effects than any configuration of insecticide treatment restricted to specific panels. Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that partially-treated net that restrict the insecticide treatment to specific panels of an ITN do not give equivalency or superiority in either mortality or blood-feeding inhibition to fully treated nets. The implications of these findings are discussed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05264-2MalariaMosquitoAnophelesExperimental hut studyInsecticide-treated netHybrid net |
| spellingShingle | Natalie Lissenden John Bradley Benjamin Menze Charles Wondji Constant Edi Benjamin Koudou Raphael N’Guessan Koama Bayili Abdoulaye Diabaté Njelembo Mbewe Basiliana Emidi Jacklin Mosha Alphaxard Manjurano Graham Small Welbeck Oumbouke Sarah Jane Moore Derric Nimmo Janneke Snetselaar Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan Africa Malaria Journal Malaria Mosquito Anopheles Experimental hut study Insecticide-treated net Hybrid net |
| title | Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full | Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_fullStr | Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_short | Meta-analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated ITNs in a multi-site experimental hut study in sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_sort | meta analysis on the entomological effects of differentially treated itns in a multi site experimental hut study in sub saharan africa |
| topic | Malaria Mosquito Anopheles Experimental hut study Insecticide-treated net Hybrid net |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05264-2 |
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