Absorption of Toxicants from the Ocular Surface: Potential Applications in Toxicology
In relation to the eye, the body can absorb substances from the ocular surface fluid (OSF) in a few ways: directly through the conjunctival sac, through the nasal mucosa as the fluid drains into the nose, or through ingestion. Regardless of the absorption method, fluid from the conjunctival sac shou...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/645 |
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| author | Ivan Šoša Manuela Perković Ivanka Baniček Šoša Petra Grubešić Dijana Tomić Linšak Ines Strenja |
| author_facet | Ivan Šoša Manuela Perković Ivanka Baniček Šoša Petra Grubešić Dijana Tomić Linšak Ines Strenja |
| author_sort | Ivan Šoša |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In relation to the eye, the body can absorb substances from the ocular surface fluid (OSF) in a few ways: directly through the conjunctival sac, through the nasal mucosa as the fluid drains into the nose, or through ingestion. Regardless of the absorption method, fluid from the conjunctival sac should be used as a toxicological matrix, even though only small quantities are needed. Contemporary analytical techniques make it a suitable matrix for toxicological research. Analyzing small quantities of the matrix and nano-quantities of the analyte requires high-cost, sophisticated tools, which is particularly relevant in the high-throughput environment of new drug or cosmetics testing. Environmental toxicology also presents a challenge, as many pollutants can enter the system using the same ocular surface route. A review of the existing literature was conducted to assess potential applications in clinical and forensic toxicology related to the absorption of toxicants from the ocular surface. The selection of the studies used in this review aimed to identify new, more efficient, and cost-effective analytical technology and diagnostic methods. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2cb00a8b2f5445419d095132753edc0c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-2cb00a8b2f5445419d095132753edc0c2025-08-20T03:43:11ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-03-0113364510.3390/biomedicines13030645Absorption of Toxicants from the Ocular Surface: Potential Applications in ToxicologyIvan Šoša0Manuela Perković1Ivanka Baniček Šoša2Petra Grubešić3Dijana Tomić Linšak4Ines Strenja5Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Pathology and Cytology, Pula General Hospital, 52100 Pula, CroatiaClinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, University Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešmirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment for Health Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaDepartment of Neurology University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaIn relation to the eye, the body can absorb substances from the ocular surface fluid (OSF) in a few ways: directly through the conjunctival sac, through the nasal mucosa as the fluid drains into the nose, or through ingestion. Regardless of the absorption method, fluid from the conjunctival sac should be used as a toxicological matrix, even though only small quantities are needed. Contemporary analytical techniques make it a suitable matrix for toxicological research. Analyzing small quantities of the matrix and nano-quantities of the analyte requires high-cost, sophisticated tools, which is particularly relevant in the high-throughput environment of new drug or cosmetics testing. Environmental toxicology also presents a challenge, as many pollutants can enter the system using the same ocular surface route. A review of the existing literature was conducted to assess potential applications in clinical and forensic toxicology related to the absorption of toxicants from the ocular surface. The selection of the studies used in this review aimed to identify new, more efficient, and cost-effective analytical technology and diagnostic methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/645drugeyematrixmodeled tissueparticle pollutionocular surface fluid |
| spellingShingle | Ivan Šoša Manuela Perković Ivanka Baniček Šoša Petra Grubešić Dijana Tomić Linšak Ines Strenja Absorption of Toxicants from the Ocular Surface: Potential Applications in Toxicology Biomedicines drug eye matrix modeled tissue particle pollution ocular surface fluid |
| title | Absorption of Toxicants from the Ocular Surface: Potential Applications in Toxicology |
| title_full | Absorption of Toxicants from the Ocular Surface: Potential Applications in Toxicology |
| title_fullStr | Absorption of Toxicants from the Ocular Surface: Potential Applications in Toxicology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Absorption of Toxicants from the Ocular Surface: Potential Applications in Toxicology |
| title_short | Absorption of Toxicants from the Ocular Surface: Potential Applications in Toxicology |
| title_sort | absorption of toxicants from the ocular surface potential applications in toxicology |
| topic | drug eye matrix modeled tissue particle pollution ocular surface fluid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/3/645 |
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