Comparison Between Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology for the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) in Racehorses
Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) is a common pulmonary disease among racehorses, diagnosed by the detection of blood in the trachea after strenuous exercise or the presence of hemosiderophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Although the latter is considered the most sensitiv...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Chiara Bozzola Giulia Sala Lorenzo Schinardi Giovanni Stancari Luca Stucchi Francesco Ferrucci Enrica Zucca |
| author_facet | Chiara Bozzola Giulia Sala Lorenzo Schinardi Giovanni Stancari Luca Stucchi Francesco Ferrucci Enrica Zucca |
| author_sort | Chiara Bozzola |
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| description | Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) is a common pulmonary disease among racehorses, diagnosed by the detection of blood in the trachea after strenuous exercise or the presence of hemosiderophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Although the latter is considered the most sensitive method to diagnose EIPH, it is perceived as a less practical and more invasive procedure compared to tracheal wash (TW) collection among racehorse trainers. The present retrospective study aimed to verify the agreement between Tracheal wash and BALF cytology in assessing EIPH in racehorses. For this purpose, cytological data from 172 patients regarding hemosiderophage percentage, hemosiderin score, and percentage of recent, intermediate, and old EIPH were reviewed, and the simplified Total Hemosiderin Score (sTHS) was calculated. Non-parametric statistical tests were used to assess the difference and the correlation between TW and BALF. The two cytological methods strongly agreed in evaluating EIPH in racehorses for hemosiderophage percentage (ρ = 0.89, <i>p</i> < 0.001), hemosiderin score (k = 0.63, <i>p</i> < 0.001), sTHS (ρ = 0.87, <i>p</i> < 0.001), percentage of recent EIPH (ρ = 0.95, <i>p</i> < 0.001), intermediate EIPH (ρ = 0.92, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and old EIPH (ρ = 0.85, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, TW showed to be a reliable method, which might substitute BALF in assessing EIPH in racehorses. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-2ca20dbb1ce644e4aeb51759984445002025-08-20T02:26:58ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-11-011422324310.3390/ani14223243Comparison Between Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology for the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) in RacehorsesChiara Bozzola0Giulia Sala1Lorenzo Schinardi2Giovanni Stancari3Luca Stucchi4Francesco Ferrucci5Enrica Zucca6Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Pisa, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, ItalyVeterinary Practitioner, 26121 Piacenza, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, ItalyExercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) is a common pulmonary disease among racehorses, diagnosed by the detection of blood in the trachea after strenuous exercise or the presence of hemosiderophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Although the latter is considered the most sensitive method to diagnose EIPH, it is perceived as a less practical and more invasive procedure compared to tracheal wash (TW) collection among racehorse trainers. The present retrospective study aimed to verify the agreement between Tracheal wash and BALF cytology in assessing EIPH in racehorses. For this purpose, cytological data from 172 patients regarding hemosiderophage percentage, hemosiderin score, and percentage of recent, intermediate, and old EIPH were reviewed, and the simplified Total Hemosiderin Score (sTHS) was calculated. Non-parametric statistical tests were used to assess the difference and the correlation between TW and BALF. The two cytological methods strongly agreed in evaluating EIPH in racehorses for hemosiderophage percentage (ρ = 0.89, <i>p</i> < 0.001), hemosiderin score (k = 0.63, <i>p</i> < 0.001), sTHS (ρ = 0.87, <i>p</i> < 0.001), percentage of recent EIPH (ρ = 0.95, <i>p</i> < 0.001), intermediate EIPH (ρ = 0.92, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and old EIPH (ρ = 0.85, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, TW showed to be a reliable method, which might substitute BALF in assessing EIPH in racehorses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3243cytologyEIPHhorsepulmonary bleedingracehorsesstandardbred |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Bozzola Giulia Sala Lorenzo Schinardi Giovanni Stancari Luca Stucchi Francesco Ferrucci Enrica Zucca Comparison Between Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology for the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) in Racehorses Animals cytology EIPH horse pulmonary bleeding racehorses standardbred |
| title | Comparison Between Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology for the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) in Racehorses |
| title_full | Comparison Between Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology for the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) in Racehorses |
| title_fullStr | Comparison Between Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology for the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) in Racehorses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison Between Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology for the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) in Racehorses |
| title_short | Comparison Between Tracheal Wash and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology for the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage (EIPH) in Racehorses |
| title_sort | comparison between tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology for the assessment of exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage eiph in racehorses |
| topic | cytology EIPH horse pulmonary bleeding racehorses standardbred |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3243 |
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