Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster
The Shapley Supercluster, one of the largest and most massive structures in the nearby (redshift <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.1<...
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| author | Valentyna Babur Olexandr Gugnin Bohdan Hnatyk |
| author_facet | Valentyna Babur Olexandr Gugnin Bohdan Hnatyk |
| author_sort | Valentyna Babur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Shapley Supercluster, one of the largest and most massive structures in the nearby (redshift <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) Universe, located approximately 200 Mpc away, is a unique laboratory for high-energy astrophysics. Galaxy clusters that comprise it are promising targets for multimessenger study due to the presence in the intracluster medium of the necessary conditions for the acceleration of cosmic rays up to ultra-high energies and the generation by them of non-thermal electromagnetic and neutrino emission. Using the Shapley Supercluster’s observational data from the recent eROSITA-DE Data Release, we recover the physical parameters of 45 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters and calculate the expected multiwavelength—from radio to very-high-energy γ-ray as well as neutrino emission, with a particular focus on hadronic interactions of accelerated cosmic ray nuclei with the nuclei of the intracluster medium. The results obtained allow verification of cluster models based on multimessenger observations of clusters, especially in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-ray (<i>Fermi</i>-LAT, H.E.S.S., CTAO-South for the Shapley Supercluster case), and neutrino (Ice Cube, KM3NeT). We also estimate the ability of the Shapley Supercluster to manifest as cosmic Zevatrons and show that it can contribute to the PAO Hot Spot in the Cen A region at UHECR energies over 50 EeV. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c9ccc31af8d431f9526a281396ab374 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-1997 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Universe |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c9ccc31af8d431f9526a281396ab3742025-08-20T03:56:47ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972025-07-0111723910.3390/universe11070239Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley SuperclusterValentyna Babur0Olexandr Gugnin1Bohdan Hnatyk2Department of Astronomy and Space Physics, Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Hlushkova Avenue 4, 03127 Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Astronomy and Space Physics, Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Hlushkova Avenue 4, 03127 Kyiv, UkraineAstronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna Str. 3, 04053 Kyiv, UkraineThe Shapley Supercluster, one of the largest and most massive structures in the nearby (redshift <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) Universe, located approximately 200 Mpc away, is a unique laboratory for high-energy astrophysics. Galaxy clusters that comprise it are promising targets for multimessenger study due to the presence in the intracluster medium of the necessary conditions for the acceleration of cosmic rays up to ultra-high energies and the generation by them of non-thermal electromagnetic and neutrino emission. Using the Shapley Supercluster’s observational data from the recent eROSITA-DE Data Release, we recover the physical parameters of 45 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters and calculate the expected multiwavelength—from radio to very-high-energy γ-ray as well as neutrino emission, with a particular focus on hadronic interactions of accelerated cosmic ray nuclei with the nuclei of the intracluster medium. The results obtained allow verification of cluster models based on multimessenger observations of clusters, especially in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-ray (<i>Fermi</i>-LAT, H.E.S.S., CTAO-South for the Shapley Supercluster case), and neutrino (Ice Cube, KM3NeT). We also estimate the ability of the Shapley Supercluster to manifest as cosmic Zevatrons and show that it can contribute to the PAO Hot Spot in the Cen A region at UHECR energies over 50 EeV.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/7/239multimessenger astronomygalaxy clustersShapley Superclustercosmic raysastrophysical neutrinonon-thermal emission |
| spellingShingle | Valentyna Babur Olexandr Gugnin Bohdan Hnatyk Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster Universe multimessenger astronomy galaxy clusters Shapley Supercluster cosmic rays astrophysical neutrino non-thermal emission |
| title | Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster |
| title_full | Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster |
| title_fullStr | Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster |
| title_short | Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster |
| title_sort | prospects for multimessenger observations of the shapley supercluster |
| topic | multimessenger astronomy galaxy clusters Shapley Supercluster cosmic rays astrophysical neutrino non-thermal emission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/7/239 |
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