Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster

The Shapley Supercluster, one of the largest and most massive structures in the nearby (redshift <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.1<...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Valentyna Babur, Olexandr Gugnin, Bohdan Hnatyk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Universe
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/7/239
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849251842387607552
author Valentyna Babur
Olexandr Gugnin
Bohdan Hnatyk
author_facet Valentyna Babur
Olexandr Gugnin
Bohdan Hnatyk
author_sort Valentyna Babur
collection DOAJ
description The Shapley Supercluster, one of the largest and most massive structures in the nearby (redshift <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) Universe, located approximately 200 Mpc away, is a unique laboratory for high-energy astrophysics. Galaxy clusters that comprise it are promising targets for multimessenger study due to the presence in the intracluster medium of the necessary conditions for the acceleration of cosmic rays up to ultra-high energies and the generation by them of non-thermal electromagnetic and neutrino emission. Using the Shapley Supercluster’s observational data from the recent eROSITA-DE Data Release, we recover the physical parameters of 45 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters and calculate the expected multiwavelength—from radio to very-high-energy γ-ray as well as neutrino emission, with a particular focus on hadronic interactions of accelerated cosmic ray nuclei with the nuclei of the intracluster medium. The results obtained allow verification of cluster models based on multimessenger observations of clusters, especially in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-ray (<i>Fermi</i>-LAT, H.E.S.S., CTAO-South for the Shapley Supercluster case), and neutrino (Ice Cube, KM3NeT). We also estimate the ability of the Shapley Supercluster to manifest as cosmic Zevatrons and show that it can contribute to the PAO Hot Spot in the Cen A region at UHECR energies over 50 EeV.
format Article
id doaj-art-2c9ccc31af8d431f9526a281396ab374
institution Kabale University
issn 2218-1997
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Universe
spelling doaj-art-2c9ccc31af8d431f9526a281396ab3742025-08-20T03:56:47ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972025-07-0111723910.3390/universe11070239Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley SuperclusterValentyna Babur0Olexandr Gugnin1Bohdan Hnatyk2Department of Astronomy and Space Physics, Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Hlushkova Avenue 4, 03127 Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Astronomy and Space Physics, Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Hlushkova Avenue 4, 03127 Kyiv, UkraineAstronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna Str. 3, 04053 Kyiv, UkraineThe Shapley Supercluster, one of the largest and most massive structures in the nearby (redshift <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>z</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) Universe, located approximately 200 Mpc away, is a unique laboratory for high-energy astrophysics. Galaxy clusters that comprise it are promising targets for multimessenger study due to the presence in the intracluster medium of the necessary conditions for the acceleration of cosmic rays up to ultra-high energies and the generation by them of non-thermal electromagnetic and neutrino emission. Using the Shapley Supercluster’s observational data from the recent eROSITA-DE Data Release, we recover the physical parameters of 45 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters and calculate the expected multiwavelength—from radio to very-high-energy γ-ray as well as neutrino emission, with a particular focus on hadronic interactions of accelerated cosmic ray nuclei with the nuclei of the intracluster medium. The results obtained allow verification of cluster models based on multimessenger observations of clusters, especially in <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-ray (<i>Fermi</i>-LAT, H.E.S.S., CTAO-South for the Shapley Supercluster case), and neutrino (Ice Cube, KM3NeT). We also estimate the ability of the Shapley Supercluster to manifest as cosmic Zevatrons and show that it can contribute to the PAO Hot Spot in the Cen A region at UHECR energies over 50 EeV.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/7/239multimessenger astronomygalaxy clustersShapley Superclustercosmic raysastrophysical neutrinonon-thermal emission
spellingShingle Valentyna Babur
Olexandr Gugnin
Bohdan Hnatyk
Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster
Universe
multimessenger astronomy
galaxy clusters
Shapley Supercluster
cosmic rays
astrophysical neutrino
non-thermal emission
title Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster
title_full Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster
title_fullStr Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster
title_full_unstemmed Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster
title_short Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of the Shapley Supercluster
title_sort prospects for multimessenger observations of the shapley supercluster
topic multimessenger astronomy
galaxy clusters
Shapley Supercluster
cosmic rays
astrophysical neutrino
non-thermal emission
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/7/239
work_keys_str_mv AT valentynababur prospectsformultimessengerobservationsoftheshapleysupercluster
AT olexandrgugnin prospectsformultimessengerobservationsoftheshapleysupercluster
AT bohdanhnatyk prospectsformultimessengerobservationsoftheshapleysupercluster