Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Alleviating H1N1 Influenza Infection and Regulating Gut Microbiota

Influenza and other respiratory infections cause annual epidemics worldwide, with high incidence and mortality rates reported among immunocompromised infants and elderly individuals. Probiotics can modulate the immune system through their bacterial compositions and metabolites, affecting influenza i...

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Main Authors: Hongchao Wang, Yuhao Zhao, Zhangming Pei, Jianxin Zhao, Pinghu Zhang, Xinyue Zhang, Zhijian Zhang, Wenwei Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/19/3079
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author Hongchao Wang
Yuhao Zhao
Zhangming Pei
Jianxin Zhao
Pinghu Zhang
Xinyue Zhang
Zhijian Zhang
Wenwei Lu
author_facet Hongchao Wang
Yuhao Zhao
Zhangming Pei
Jianxin Zhao
Pinghu Zhang
Xinyue Zhang
Zhijian Zhang
Wenwei Lu
author_sort Hongchao Wang
collection DOAJ
description Influenza and other respiratory infections cause annual epidemics worldwide, with high incidence and mortality rates reported among immunocompromised infants and elderly individuals. Probiotics can modulate the immune system through their bacterial compositions and metabolites, affecting influenza infections and effectively responding to viral mutations. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-influenza effects of mixed probiotics administered orally before and after influenza infection. The results showed that the mixed probiotics consisting of <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> CCFM1279, <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> CCFM1145, and <i>Lacticaseibacillus casei</i> CCFM1127 inhibited viral replication and reduced lung inflammatory damage against influenza. In addition, the mixed-probiotics treatment activated the systemic immune response of the host. The gut microbiota analysis revealed a notable increase in the abundance of <i>Alistipes</i> and <i>Rikenella</i> following mixed-probiotic supplementation. The metabolomic analysis indicated a significant increase in adenosine levels, which was positively correlated with the abundance of <i>Parvibacter</i>. These findings highlight the effectiveness of mixed probiotics in fighting influenza viruses and suggest that certain gut microbiota and their metabolites may play a significant role in influencing the outcomes of influenza infections.
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spelling doaj-art-2c8981d997bf4e8883a3db487a43e1d72025-08-20T02:16:50ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-09-011319307910.3390/foods13193079Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Alleviating H1N1 Influenza Infection and Regulating Gut MicrobiotaHongchao Wang0Yuhao Zhao1Zhangming Pei2Jianxin Zhao3Pinghu Zhang4Xinyue Zhang5Zhijian Zhang6Wenwei Lu7State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Rd, Wuxi 214000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaInfluenza and other respiratory infections cause annual epidemics worldwide, with high incidence and mortality rates reported among immunocompromised infants and elderly individuals. Probiotics can modulate the immune system through their bacterial compositions and metabolites, affecting influenza infections and effectively responding to viral mutations. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-influenza effects of mixed probiotics administered orally before and after influenza infection. The results showed that the mixed probiotics consisting of <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> CCFM1279, <i>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</i> CCFM1145, and <i>Lacticaseibacillus casei</i> CCFM1127 inhibited viral replication and reduced lung inflammatory damage against influenza. In addition, the mixed-probiotics treatment activated the systemic immune response of the host. The gut microbiota analysis revealed a notable increase in the abundance of <i>Alistipes</i> and <i>Rikenella</i> following mixed-probiotic supplementation. The metabolomic analysis indicated a significant increase in adenosine levels, which was positively correlated with the abundance of <i>Parvibacter</i>. These findings highlight the effectiveness of mixed probiotics in fighting influenza viruses and suggest that certain gut microbiota and their metabolites may play a significant role in influencing the outcomes of influenza infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/19/3079influenza virusgut microbiotaantiviral probioticsystemic immunity<i>Lactobacillus</i>
spellingShingle Hongchao Wang
Yuhao Zhao
Zhangming Pei
Jianxin Zhao
Pinghu Zhang
Xinyue Zhang
Zhijian Zhang
Wenwei Lu
Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Alleviating H1N1 Influenza Infection and Regulating Gut Microbiota
Foods
influenza virus
gut microbiota
antiviral probiotic
systemic immunity
<i>Lactobacillus</i>
title Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Alleviating H1N1 Influenza Infection and Regulating Gut Microbiota
title_full Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Alleviating H1N1 Influenza Infection and Regulating Gut Microbiota
title_fullStr Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Alleviating H1N1 Influenza Infection and Regulating Gut Microbiota
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Alleviating H1N1 Influenza Infection and Regulating Gut Microbiota
title_short Effect of Mixed Probiotics on Alleviating H1N1 Influenza Infection and Regulating Gut Microbiota
title_sort effect of mixed probiotics on alleviating h1n1 influenza infection and regulating gut microbiota
topic influenza virus
gut microbiota
antiviral probiotic
systemic immunity
<i>Lactobacillus</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/19/3079
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