Influence of genetic adaption of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with alternative protein sources based on Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens on disease resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)

Regarding feed components, novel protein sources in the diet of carnivorous fish species are of increasing interest in aquaculture, which is caused by the fact that the use of marine resources is still being exhausted to meet consumer demand for fish. However, the renouncement of marine resources re...

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Main Authors: Anne-Carina Miebach, Mikolaj Adamek, Julia Bauer, Marek Matras, Carsten Dietz, Jakob Gährken, Simon Rosenau, Stephan Wessels, Jens Tetens, Angela Sünder, Magdalena Stachnik, Michal Reichert, Verena Jung- Schroers, Dieter Steinhagen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Aquaculture Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425003825
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author Anne-Carina Miebach
Mikolaj Adamek
Julia Bauer
Marek Matras
Carsten Dietz
Jakob Gährken
Simon Rosenau
Stephan Wessels
Jens Tetens
Angela Sünder
Magdalena Stachnik
Michal Reichert
Verena Jung- Schroers
Dieter Steinhagen
author_facet Anne-Carina Miebach
Mikolaj Adamek
Julia Bauer
Marek Matras
Carsten Dietz
Jakob Gährken
Simon Rosenau
Stephan Wessels
Jens Tetens
Angela Sünder
Magdalena Stachnik
Michal Reichert
Verena Jung- Schroers
Dieter Steinhagen
author_sort Anne-Carina Miebach
collection DOAJ
description Regarding feed components, novel protein sources in the diet of carnivorous fish species are of increasing interest in aquaculture, which is caused by the fact that the use of marine resources is still being exhausted to meet consumer demand for fish. However, the renouncement of marine resources represents a decisive step towards a more sustainable aquaculture. Alternative solutions can be found in plant-based fish nutrition. Nonetheless, due to challenges related to food conversion, growth rates, fish health and welfare as well as the consequent weakening of immunocompetence against pathogens, the use of plant-based protein sources in the diet of carnivorous fish remains a subject of justified controversy. Thus, the current study aims at making use of the genetic variability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in order to gain new insights into their adaptability to innovative raw materials. Using a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) infection model, the particular focus is on the question how infections affect the disease resistance of differently bred and fed populations. For this purpose, genetically distinct trout populations (R3, R7, R8) were bred and fed with differently composed diets, in which 20 % fishmeal of the total composition was totally replaced by Arthospira platensis or Hermetia illucens. The infection experiment included a commercially available trout line (C9) and a diet with fishmeal as control as well. Subsequently, the trout were infected with VHSV, and tissue of the posterior intestine was investigated by means of molecular biology regarding the expression of genes encoding various inflammatory markers, antimicrobial peptides, transmembrane proteins as well as the viral load at days 0, 2 and 4 post-infection. The posterior intestine of infected animals was examined histologically by using AB-PAS and HE-staining. The results showed that the genetics played a decisive role in the disease resistance to VHSV. Diet composition, however, did not negatively affect the susceptibility to VHSV. On the contrary, an upregulation of certain antimicrobial peptides in Arthrospira platensis fed specimens appeared to partially improve immunocompetence. Also, no correlation between the ability of rainbow trout populations to adapt to a novel diet based on proteins of Arthrospira platensis or Hermetia illucens and pathogen resistance were observed. Therefore, Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens appear to be valuable protein sources regarding the replacement of fishmeal for rainbow trout without negatively influencing the immunity and natural resistance of certain rainbow trout populations to important pathogens like VHSV.
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spelling doaj-art-2c7973502e3440b49b88ea7aa431bbd92025-08-20T03:40:45ZengElsevierAquaculture Reports2352-51342025-09-014310299610.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102996Influence of genetic adaption of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with alternative protein sources based on Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens on disease resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)Anne-Carina Miebach0Mikolaj Adamek1Julia Bauer2Marek Matras3Carsten Dietz4Jakob Gährken5Simon Rosenau6Stephan Wessels7Jens Tetens8Angela Sünder9Magdalena Stachnik10Michal Reichert11Verena Jung- Schroers12Dieter Steinhagen13Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Corresponding author.Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyFish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyNational Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, PolandAnimal Nutrition Physiology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyAquaculture and Water Ecology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyAquaculture and Water Ecology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyAquaculture and Water Ecology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyCenter for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyAnimal Nutrition Physiology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, GermanyNational Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, PolandNational Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, PolandFish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyFish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, GermanyRegarding feed components, novel protein sources in the diet of carnivorous fish species are of increasing interest in aquaculture, which is caused by the fact that the use of marine resources is still being exhausted to meet consumer demand for fish. However, the renouncement of marine resources represents a decisive step towards a more sustainable aquaculture. Alternative solutions can be found in plant-based fish nutrition. Nonetheless, due to challenges related to food conversion, growth rates, fish health and welfare as well as the consequent weakening of immunocompetence against pathogens, the use of plant-based protein sources in the diet of carnivorous fish remains a subject of justified controversy. Thus, the current study aims at making use of the genetic variability of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in order to gain new insights into their adaptability to innovative raw materials. Using a viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) infection model, the particular focus is on the question how infections affect the disease resistance of differently bred and fed populations. For this purpose, genetically distinct trout populations (R3, R7, R8) were bred and fed with differently composed diets, in which 20 % fishmeal of the total composition was totally replaced by Arthospira platensis or Hermetia illucens. The infection experiment included a commercially available trout line (C9) and a diet with fishmeal as control as well. Subsequently, the trout were infected with VHSV, and tissue of the posterior intestine was investigated by means of molecular biology regarding the expression of genes encoding various inflammatory markers, antimicrobial peptides, transmembrane proteins as well as the viral load at days 0, 2 and 4 post-infection. The posterior intestine of infected animals was examined histologically by using AB-PAS and HE-staining. The results showed that the genetics played a decisive role in the disease resistance to VHSV. Diet composition, however, did not negatively affect the susceptibility to VHSV. On the contrary, an upregulation of certain antimicrobial peptides in Arthrospira platensis fed specimens appeared to partially improve immunocompetence. Also, no correlation between the ability of rainbow trout populations to adapt to a novel diet based on proteins of Arthrospira platensis or Hermetia illucens and pathogen resistance were observed. Therefore, Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens appear to be valuable protein sources regarding the replacement of fishmeal for rainbow trout without negatively influencing the immunity and natural resistance of certain rainbow trout populations to important pathogens like VHSV.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425003825Sustainable aquacultureGenetic variabilityAquafeedArthrospira platensisHermetia illucensGenetic
spellingShingle Anne-Carina Miebach
Mikolaj Adamek
Julia Bauer
Marek Matras
Carsten Dietz
Jakob Gährken
Simon Rosenau
Stephan Wessels
Jens Tetens
Angela Sünder
Magdalena Stachnik
Michal Reichert
Verena Jung- Schroers
Dieter Steinhagen
Influence of genetic adaption of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with alternative protein sources based on Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens on disease resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)
Aquaculture Reports
Sustainable aquaculture
Genetic variability
Aquafeed
Arthrospira platensis
Hermetia illucens
Genetic
title Influence of genetic adaption of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with alternative protein sources based on Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens on disease resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)
title_full Influence of genetic adaption of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with alternative protein sources based on Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens on disease resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)
title_fullStr Influence of genetic adaption of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with alternative protein sources based on Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens on disease resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)
title_full_unstemmed Influence of genetic adaption of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with alternative protein sources based on Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens on disease resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)
title_short Influence of genetic adaption of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with alternative protein sources based on Arthrospira platensis and Hermetia illucens on disease resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV)
title_sort influence of genetic adaption of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fed with alternative protein sources based on arthrospira platensis and hermetia illucens on disease resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus vhsv
topic Sustainable aquaculture
Genetic variability
Aquafeed
Arthrospira platensis
Hermetia illucens
Genetic
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425003825
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