Synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend: An ecofriendly, clean, alternative, and sustainable energy source

A base catalyzed the transesterification reaction, resulting in a 98 % yield during biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester - FAME) synthesis. The optimization reaction protocol requires maximum agitation of 600 rpm at room temperature for 20min with a 10mol% KOH as a base catalyst and 1:8 ratios of sunf...

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Main Authors: Madhuri A. Balpande, Manish M. Katiya, Madhukar G. Dhonde, Jayant M. Gajbhiye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Tetrahedron Green Chem
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773223125000135
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author Madhuri A. Balpande
Manish M. Katiya
Madhukar G. Dhonde
Jayant M. Gajbhiye
author_facet Madhuri A. Balpande
Manish M. Katiya
Madhukar G. Dhonde
Jayant M. Gajbhiye
author_sort Madhuri A. Balpande
collection DOAJ
description A base catalyzed the transesterification reaction, resulting in a 98 % yield during biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester - FAME) synthesis. The optimization reaction protocol requires maximum agitation of 600 rpm at room temperature for 20min with a 10mol% KOH as a base catalyst and 1:8 ratios of sunflower oil and methanol to complete the reaction. This study examines the viability of using vegetable oil through transesterification to produce biodiesel on a commercial scale, with the goal of serving as a fuel substitute for diesel engines. We explored well-established spectroscopic techniques, including Infra-Red, 1H, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra, and High-Resolution Mass Spectra, to investigate the synthesized FAME in accordance with the ASTM specification. The novelty of the current study outlines the significance of synthesizing FAME through catalytic transesterification, examines its physicochemical parameters, and green chemistry matrices have shown that biodiesel is a beneficial fuel, which led to less reaction waste, better environmental compatibility, and long-term use of the current protocol. In addition to exploring biodiesel's fuel applications; we are also looking into its possible uses as a biodetergent for other purposes and a biolubricant for diesel engines. The study highlights the simple, efficient development of current biodiesel, with its sustainability, and its potential contribution to renewable energy goals. It also explores the environmental impact of transitioning to biobased alternatives and its potential applications in industries like cosmetics and automobiles. Therefore, this investigation aims to explore and combine the unique advantages associated with varying ratios of additives in FAME, with the goal of replacing as much diesel as possible. We created and experimented with blends including 10, 20, and 30 % ethanol or iso-octane in FAME; nevertheless, the blend containing 30 % ethanol works better as a diesel substitute.
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spelling doaj-art-2c78c3115c3e48d4894bacb0854588012025-08-20T03:45:10ZengElsevierTetrahedron Green Chem2773-22312025-06-01510007410.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100074Synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend: An ecofriendly, clean, alternative, and sustainable energy sourceMadhuri A. Balpande0Manish M. Katiya1Madhukar G. Dhonde2Jayant M. Gajbhiye3Department of Chemistry, Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science, Nagpur, (MS), 440009, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science, Nagpur, (MS), 440009, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science, Nagpur, (MS), 440009, India; Corresponding author.Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, IndiaA base catalyzed the transesterification reaction, resulting in a 98 % yield during biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester - FAME) synthesis. The optimization reaction protocol requires maximum agitation of 600 rpm at room temperature for 20min with a 10mol% KOH as a base catalyst and 1:8 ratios of sunflower oil and methanol to complete the reaction. This study examines the viability of using vegetable oil through transesterification to produce biodiesel on a commercial scale, with the goal of serving as a fuel substitute for diesel engines. We explored well-established spectroscopic techniques, including Infra-Red, 1H, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra, and High-Resolution Mass Spectra, to investigate the synthesized FAME in accordance with the ASTM specification. The novelty of the current study outlines the significance of synthesizing FAME through catalytic transesterification, examines its physicochemical parameters, and green chemistry matrices have shown that biodiesel is a beneficial fuel, which led to less reaction waste, better environmental compatibility, and long-term use of the current protocol. In addition to exploring biodiesel's fuel applications; we are also looking into its possible uses as a biodetergent for other purposes and a biolubricant for diesel engines. The study highlights the simple, efficient development of current biodiesel, with its sustainability, and its potential contribution to renewable energy goals. It also explores the environmental impact of transitioning to biobased alternatives and its potential applications in industries like cosmetics and automobiles. Therefore, this investigation aims to explore and combine the unique advantages associated with varying ratios of additives in FAME, with the goal of replacing as much diesel as possible. We created and experimented with blends including 10, 20, and 30 % ethanol or iso-octane in FAME; nevertheless, the blend containing 30 % ethanol works better as a diesel substitute.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773223125000135
spellingShingle Madhuri A. Balpande
Manish M. Katiya
Madhukar G. Dhonde
Jayant M. Gajbhiye
Synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend: An ecofriendly, clean, alternative, and sustainable energy source
Tetrahedron Green Chem
title Synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend: An ecofriendly, clean, alternative, and sustainable energy source
title_full Synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend: An ecofriendly, clean, alternative, and sustainable energy source
title_fullStr Synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend: An ecofriendly, clean, alternative, and sustainable energy source
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend: An ecofriendly, clean, alternative, and sustainable energy source
title_short Synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend: An ecofriendly, clean, alternative, and sustainable energy source
title_sort synthesis of biodiesel and prepared its blend an ecofriendly clean alternative and sustainable energy source
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773223125000135
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