Yield-limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Farta to Lay Gayint districts of the Amhara Region in Northwest Ethiopia

Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is the third most important crop in Ethiopia yet its productivity in the country remains significantly below experimental yields and water-limited yield potential due to soil fertility variability and the absence of site-specific fertilizer recommendations. To identify yi...

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Main Authors: Abebe Getu Asfaw, Demsew Bekele Gelagil, Getachew Yilma Abebe, Wubayehu Gebremedhin Woldie, Tesema Minale Getahun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2025.1541332/full
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author Abebe Getu Asfaw
Demsew Bekele Gelagil
Getachew Yilma Abebe
Wubayehu Gebremedhin Woldie
Tesema Minale Getahun
author_facet Abebe Getu Asfaw
Demsew Bekele Gelagil
Getachew Yilma Abebe
Wubayehu Gebremedhin Woldie
Tesema Minale Getahun
author_sort Abebe Getu Asfaw
collection DOAJ
description Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is the third most important crop in Ethiopia yet its productivity in the country remains significantly below experimental yields and water-limited yield potential due to soil fertility variability and the absence of site-specific fertilizer recommendations. To identify yield-limiting nutrients and support the development of a precision fertilizer recommendation tool, a nutrient omission study was conducted in the 2021 main cropping season across eight sites in the South Gondar Zone of Northwestern Ethiopia. The study evaluated eight treatments: (1) NF (NPKSZnB), (2) -B, (3) -Zn, (4) -S, (5) -K, (6) -P, (7) -N, and (8) F0, with nutrients applied at 138 kg N, 46 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O, 10.5 kg S, 5 kg Zn, and 1 kg B ha-1. Results indicated that N omission significantly reduced wheat yield and yield-related traits across all sites, while P limitation was significant in 50% of the locations. The average yield response to N application was 2071.9 kg ha-1 (ranging from 847.2 to 2873.6 kg ha-1), followed by P, with a mean response of 499.1 kg ha-1 (16.6–850.8 kg ha-1). Soil indigenous nutrient supply (SINS) assessments revealed that N was only 45.0% sufficient, whereas P sufficiency was higher (87.0%). Potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) were found to be non-limiting, with soil supplies exceeding 90%. Yield gaps due to N and P omission averaged 53.9% and 11.9%, respectively, while omissions of K, S, Zn, and B had negligible effects. Agronomic efficiency was highest for P (22.2 kg kg-1), followed by N (13.1 kg kg-1) and K (5.2 kg kg-1). These findings demonstrate that N is the primary yield-limiting nutrient in the study area, with P being secondary in half of the evaluated farms. To enhance wheat productivity and minimize yield gaps, site-specific fertilizer recommendations emphasizing optimized N and P application are critical. The study was conducted for one season, and hence multi-year experiments to address season variation on the effect of the nutrient omission treatments is recommended.
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spelling doaj-art-2c760085c8524fc28b1bc52e2e5d73d32025-08-20T02:33:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Agronomy2673-32182025-05-01710.3389/fagro.2025.15413321541332Yield-limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Farta to Lay Gayint districts of the Amhara Region in Northwest EthiopiaAbebe Getu AsfawDemsew Bekele GelagilGetachew Yilma AbebeWubayehu Gebremedhin WoldieTesema Minale GetahunWheat (Triticum aestivumL.) is the third most important crop in Ethiopia yet its productivity in the country remains significantly below experimental yields and water-limited yield potential due to soil fertility variability and the absence of site-specific fertilizer recommendations. To identify yield-limiting nutrients and support the development of a precision fertilizer recommendation tool, a nutrient omission study was conducted in the 2021 main cropping season across eight sites in the South Gondar Zone of Northwestern Ethiopia. The study evaluated eight treatments: (1) NF (NPKSZnB), (2) -B, (3) -Zn, (4) -S, (5) -K, (6) -P, (7) -N, and (8) F0, with nutrients applied at 138 kg N, 46 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O, 10.5 kg S, 5 kg Zn, and 1 kg B ha-1. Results indicated that N omission significantly reduced wheat yield and yield-related traits across all sites, while P limitation was significant in 50% of the locations. The average yield response to N application was 2071.9 kg ha-1 (ranging from 847.2 to 2873.6 kg ha-1), followed by P, with a mean response of 499.1 kg ha-1 (16.6–850.8 kg ha-1). Soil indigenous nutrient supply (SINS) assessments revealed that N was only 45.0% sufficient, whereas P sufficiency was higher (87.0%). Potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) were found to be non-limiting, with soil supplies exceeding 90%. Yield gaps due to N and P omission averaged 53.9% and 11.9%, respectively, while omissions of K, S, Zn, and B had negligible effects. Agronomic efficiency was highest for P (22.2 kg kg-1), followed by N (13.1 kg kg-1) and K (5.2 kg kg-1). These findings demonstrate that N is the primary yield-limiting nutrient in the study area, with P being secondary in half of the evaluated farms. To enhance wheat productivity and minimize yield gaps, site-specific fertilizer recommendations emphasizing optimized N and P application are critical. The study was conducted for one season, and hence multi-year experiments to address season variation on the effect of the nutrient omission treatments is recommended.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2025.1541332/fullsite-specificyield gapyield-limiting nutrientyield responsewheat
spellingShingle Abebe Getu Asfaw
Demsew Bekele Gelagil
Getachew Yilma Abebe
Wubayehu Gebremedhin Woldie
Tesema Minale Getahun
Yield-limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Farta to Lay Gayint districts of the Amhara Region in Northwest Ethiopia
Frontiers in Agronomy
site-specific
yield gap
yield-limiting nutrient
yield response
wheat
title Yield-limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Farta to Lay Gayint districts of the Amhara Region in Northwest Ethiopia
title_full Yield-limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Farta to Lay Gayint districts of the Amhara Region in Northwest Ethiopia
title_fullStr Yield-limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Farta to Lay Gayint districts of the Amhara Region in Northwest Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Yield-limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Farta to Lay Gayint districts of the Amhara Region in Northwest Ethiopia
title_short Yield-limiting nutrients for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Farta to Lay Gayint districts of the Amhara Region in Northwest Ethiopia
title_sort yield limiting nutrients for wheat triticum aestivum l production in farta to lay gayint districts of the amhara region in northwest ethiopia
topic site-specific
yield gap
yield-limiting nutrient
yield response
wheat
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2025.1541332/full
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